Tracing patient PLOD by mobile phones Mitigation of epidemic risks based on patient locational open data

Ohmukai, Ikki; Yamamoto, Yasunori; Ito, Maori; Okumura, Takashi

doi:10.1109/wetice49692.2020.00062

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…A method for describing the mobility information of infected patients has been proposed, as Patient Location Ontology-based Data (PLOD) [19]. The study used RDF to express location information of cases released by local governments to alert residents in the regions.…”

Section: Knowledge Graphs and Ontologies On Public Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

CIRO: COVID-19 infection risk ontology

Egami

Yamamoto²,

Ohmukai³

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Public health authorities perform contact tracing for highly contagious agents to identify close contacts with the infected cases. However, during the pandemic caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), this operation was not employed in countries with high patient volumes. Meanwhile, the Japanese government conducted this operation, thereby contributing to the control of infections, at the cost of arduous manual labor by public health officials. To ease the burden of the officials, this study attempted to automate the assessment of each person’s infection risk through an ontology, called COVID-19 Infection Risk Ontology (CIRO). This ontology expresses infection risks of COVID-19 formulated by the Japanese government, toward automated assessment of infection risks of individuals, using Resource Description Framework (RDF) and SPARQL (SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language) queries. For evaluation, we demonstrated that the knowledge graph built could infer the risks, formulated by the government. Moreover, we conducted reasoning experiments to analyze the computational efficiency. The experiments demonstrated usefulness of the knowledge processing, and identified issues left for deployment.

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Section: Knowledge Graphs and Ontologies On Public Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

CIRO: COVID-19 infection risk ontology

Egami

Yamamoto²,

Ohmukai³

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

Self Cite

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“…To evaluate the possibility of contact, we generate the mobile phone's geocoded data and the in-cell information of each device is compressed into a two-dimensional array on a predefined duration. Information on the movement of infected patients will also be provided by geocoding the names of places and stores they visited, which is collected through [36]. To facilitate the subsequent comparison operations, the dimensions might be compressed by converting the twodimensional information to one-dimensional information of the virtual cell IDs.…”

Section: Calculating the Possibility Of Contact And Risk Of Infection Using Location Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Public health officials manually interview the contacted residents for their health status and mobility information to perform the estimation of the infection risk, against the patient information manually collected as well. Authors have been proposing to automate the process through a data structure, named Patients' Locational Open Data (PLOD), which allows the flexible description of infected patients and residents [36].…”

Section: Risk Estimation By Public Health Authoritiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At first glance, one might think that this movement of infected patients and residents with possible contact can be expressed by a simple set of quantitative information: latitude, longitude, and time. However, unless the data are automatically obtained from GPS or other automated sources, information of the infected patients is mostly given in a more complex, unstructured form [36]. It comprises name of the facility visited and public transportation used, including their specific location in the car sometimes.…”

Section: Owners Of Contact Detection Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These data must be described flexibly in a machine-readable format before they are eventually converted into orthogonal coordinate information. To address the complexity of the task, PLOD has been developed [36]. Now, utilizing the PLOD of the patient and residents, it is possible to estimate the risk of infection among them by determining the modalities of infection represented in an appropriate ontology.…”

Section: Owners Of Contact Detection Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Computation of Infection Risk via Confidential Locational Entries: A Precedent Approach for Contact Tracing With Privacy Protection

et al. 2021

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To effectively mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic, various methods have been proposed to control the infection risk using mobile phone technologies. In this respect, short-range Bluetooth in mobile phones has been mostly used to detect contacts with other devices that approach within a certain range for a specific duration and to notify residents regarding potential contact with infected patients. However, the technology can only detect direct contacts and neglects various modalities of infection, which might have contributed to the pandemic worldwide. In this article, we proposed an approach that evaluates the infection risk for residents, using the locational information of their mobile phones and confidential information of infected patients. The article first outlines the proposed method, the Computation of Infection Risks via Confidential Locational Entries method. Moreover, a comparative evaluation is qualitatively and quantitatively performed against the Bluetooth method. Results highlight the advantages of the proposed method and suggest that it could work in a complementary manner with the Bluetooth method toward effective mitigation of infection risks, while protecting privacy.

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Cultural Implications Regarding Privacy in Digital Contact Tracing Algorithms: Method Development and Empirical Ethics Analysis of a German and a Japanese Approach to Contact Tracing

Haltaufderheide,

Viero,

Krämer

2023

J Med Internet Res

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Background Digital contact tracing algorithms (DCTAs) have emerged as a means of supporting pandemic containment strategies and protecting populations from the adverse effects of COVID-19. However, the impact of DCTAs on users’ privacy and autonomy has been heavily debated. Although privacy is often viewed as the ability to control access to information, recent approaches consider it as a norm that structures social life. In this regard, cultural factors are crucial in evaluating the appropriateness of information flows in DCTAs. Hence, an important part of ethical evaluations of DCTAs is to develop an understanding of their information flow and their contextual situatedness to be able to adequately evaluate questions about privacy. However, only limited studies and conceptual approaches are currently available in this regard. Objective This study aimed to develop a case study methodology to include contextual cultural factors in ethical analysis and present exemplary results of a subsequent analysis of 2 different DCTAs following this approach. Methods We conducted a comparative qualitative case study of the algorithm of the Google Apple Exposure Notification Framework as exemplified in the German Corona Warn App and the Japanese approach of Computation of Infection Risk via Confidential Locational Entries (CIRCLE) method. The methodology was based on a postphenomenological perspective, combined with empirical investigations of the technological artifacts within their context of use. An ethics of disclosure approach was used to focus on the social ontologies created by the algorithms and highlight their connection to the question about privacy. Results Both algorithms use the idea of representing a social encounter of 2 subjects. These subjects gain significance in terms of risk against the background of a representation of their temporal and spatial properties. However, the comparative analysis reveals 2 major differences. Google Apple Exposure Notification Framework prioritizes temporality over spatiality. In contrast, the representation of spatiality is reduced to distance without any direction or orientation. However, the CIRCLE framework prioritizes spatiality over temporality. These different concepts and prioritizations can be seen to align with important cultural differences in considering basic concepts such as subject, time, and space in Eastern and Western thought. Conclusions The differences noted in this study essentially lead to 2 different ethical questions about privacy that are raised against the respective backgrounds. These findings have important implications for the ethical evaluation of DCTAs, suggesting that a culture-sensitive assessment is required to ensure that technologies fit into their context and create less concern regarding their ethical acceptability. Methodologically, our study provides a basis for an intercultural approach to the ethics of disclosure, allowing for cross-cultural dialogue that can overcome mutual implicit biases and blind spots based on cultural differences.

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Tracing patient PLOD by mobile phones Mitigation of epidemic risks based on patient locational open data

Cited by 5 publications

References 17 publications

CIRO: COVID-19 infection risk ontology

CIRO: COVID-19 infection risk ontology

Computation of Infection Risk via Confidential Locational Entries: A Precedent Approach for Contact Tracing With Privacy Protection

Cultural Implications Regarding Privacy in Digital Contact Tracing Algorithms: Method Development and Empirical Ethics Analysis of a German and a Japanese Approach to Contact Tracing

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