Tracing out the effect of transportation infrastructure on NO2 concentration levels with Kernel Density Estimation by investigating successive COVID-19-induced lockdowns

Kovács, Kamill Dániel; Haidu, Ionel

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119719

Cited by 14 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Kernel density estimation is less dependent on model and research duration and has good statistical properties. Therefore, it has been widely applied in the analysis of spatial disequilibrium distributions [46]. The spatial and temporal evolution trend of the development level in each subsystem of tourism public services is shown by drawing the Kernel density estimation map.…”

Section: Kernel Density Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on China’s Tourism Public Services Development from the Perspective of Spatial–Temporal Interactions and Based on Resilience Theory

Yang

Guo

2022

Sustainability

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In this paper, resilience theory is applied to construct an evaluation index system of tourism public services. The entropy weight method, Kernel density and Moran index were used to measure China’s tourism public services development level from 2010 to 2020 and to analyze its spatial–temporal evolution. The results showed that the overall development level of China’s tourism public services had a gentle upward trend; however, the development trend of each subsystem was not completely consistent with the overall development. From the spatial grade distribution, the characteristics of China’s tourism public services presented a clearly higher intensity in the middle region while the values for the two-sided ones were much lower. From the spatial pattern, the weakening trend appeared from the southeast to northwest. The high level and the above trend of concentrated contiguous distribution regions were formed in the eastern region in China, and the distribution regions were transformed into an optimized one in the southwest region in China. From the spatial agglomeration, the characteristics showed that the distribution in the east region was superior to that in the west region, and that in north region was superior to that in the south region. The overall tourism public services development level of each subsystem was improved while there were obstacles in its balanced development. The tourism entertainment services, tourism human resources and tourism safety services were the obstacle factors to the tourism public services development.

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Section: Kernel Density Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on China’s Tourism Public Services Development from the Perspective of Spatial–Temporal Interactions and Based on Resilience Theory

Yang

Guo

2022

Sustainability

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“…Increases in temperature have been observed in the context of climate change, e.g., the global surface temperature increased by 1.1°C (2011–2020 compared to 1850–1900) (IPCC 2022 ). Anthropogenic activity and related changes in the surface of the earth contribute to changes in climatic conditions and are key drivers of air pollutant concentrations (Fritsch and Behm 2021a ; Kovács and Haidu 2022 ). Therefore, urban areas can be regarded as “harbingers” of climate change (Ziska et al 2003 ) and urban–rural gradients are useful for studying ecological changes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How does pollen production of allergenic species differ between urban and rural environments?

Jetschni,

Fritsch,

Jochner-Oette

2023

Int J Biometeorol

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Pollen production is one plant characteristic that is considered to be altered by changes in environmental conditions. In this study, we investigated pollen production of the three anemophilous species Betula pendula, Plantago lanceolata, and Dactylis glomerata along an urbanization gradient in Ingolstadt, Germany. We compared pollen production with the potential influencing factors urbanization, air temperature, and the air pollutants nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3). While we measured air temperature in the field, we computed concentration levels of NO2 and O3 from a land use regression model. The results showed that average pollen production (in million pollen grains) was 1.2 ± 1.0 per catkin of Betula pendula, 5.0 ± 2.4 per inflorescence of Plantago lanceolata, and 0.7 ± 0.5 per spikelet of Dactylis glomerata. Pollen production was higher in rural compared to urban locations on average for B. pendula (+ 73%) and P. lanceolata (+ 31%), while the opposite was the case for D. glomerata (− 14%). We found that there was substantial heterogeneity across the three species with respect to the association of pollen production and environmental influences. Pollen production decreased for all species with increasing temperature and urbanization, while for increasing pollutant concentrations, decreases were observed for B. pendula, P. lanceolata, and increases for D. glomerata. Additionally, pollen production was found to be highly variable across species and within species—even at small spatial distances. Experiments should be conducted to further explore plant responses to altering environmental conditions.

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To what extent the traffic restriction policies can improve its air quality? An inspiration from COVID-19

Yang

et al. 2022

Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess

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In hazy days, several local authorities always implemented the strict traffic-restriction measures to improve the air quality. However, owing to lack of data, the quantitative relationships between them are still not clear. Coincidentally, traffic restriction measures during the COVID-19 pandemic provided an experimental setup for revealing such relationships. Hence, the changes in air quality in response to traffic restrictions during COVID-19 in Spain and United States was explored in this study. In contrast to pre-lockdown, the private traffic volume as well as public traffic during the lockdown period decreased within a range of 60−90%. The NO 2 concentration decreased by approximately 50%, while O 3 concentration increased by approximately 40%. Additionally, changes in air quality in response to traffic reduction were explored to reveal the contribution of transportation to air pollution. As the traffic volume decreased linearly, NO 2 concentration decreased exponentially, whereas O 3 concentration increased exponentially. Air pollutants did not change evidently until the traffic volume was reduced by less than 40%. The recovery process of the traffic volume and air pollutants during the post-lockdown period was also explored. The traffic volume was confirmed to return to background levels within four months, but air pollutants were found to recover randomly. This study highlights the exponential impact of traffic volume on air quality changes, which is of great significance to air pollution control in terms of traffic restriction policy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00477-022-02351-7.

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Tracing out the effect of transportation infrastructure on NO2 concentration levels with Kernel Density Estimation by investigating successive COVID-19-induced lockdowns

Cited by 14 publications

References 69 publications

Research on China’s Tourism Public Services Development from the Perspective of Spatial–Temporal Interactions and Based on Resilience Theory

Research on China’s Tourism Public Services Development from the Perspective of Spatial–Temporal Interactions and Based on Resilience Theory

How does pollen production of allergenic species differ between urban and rural environments?

To what extent the traffic restriction policies can improve its air quality? An inspiration from COVID-19

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