Tracing of recently assimilated carbon in respiration at high temporal resolution in the field with a tuneable diode laser absorption spectrometer after in situ 13CO2 pulse labelling of 20-year-old beech trees

Plain, Caroline; Gérant, Dominique; Maillard, Pascale; Dannoura, Masako; Dong, Yanwen; Zeller, Bernd; Priault, Pierrick; Parent, Florian; Epron, Daniel

doi:10.1093/treephys/tpp072

Cited by 98 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…However, soil-respired CO 2 , which includes large contributions by root-respired CO 2 of unlabeled neighboring trees and heterotrophic soil respiration (Högberg et al, 2001;Andersen et al, 2005Andersen et al, , 2010, was reduced in δ 13 C by 1.5 to 3 ‰. Hence, beech fine roots and associated micro organisms appear to be a relatively strong sink for recently fixed C during summer (Högberg et al, 2001;Plain et al, 2009;Epron et al, 2011). Slightly pronounced shifts in soil-respired CO 2 under 2 × O 3 fit well with previously reported increases in fine-root turn-over of beech under long-term O 3 exposure (Nikolova et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon flux to woody tissues in a beech/spruce forest during summer and in response to chronic O<sub>3</sub> exposure

Ritter¹,

Andersen

Matyssek³

et al. 2011

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. The present study compares the dynamics in carbon (C) allocation of adult deciduous beech (Fagus sylvatica) and evergreen spruce (Picea abies) during summer and in response to seven-year-long exposure with twice-ambient ozone (O 3 ) concentrations (2 × O 3 ). Focus was on the respiratory turn-over and translocation of recent photosynthates at various positions along the stems, coarse roots and soils. The hypotheses tested were that (1) 2 × O 3 decreases the allocation of recent photosynthates to CO 2 efflux of stems and coarse roots of adult trees, and that (2) according to their different O 3 sensitivities this effect is stronger in beech than in spruce.Labeling of whole tree canopies was applied by releasing 13 C depleted CO 2 (δ 13 C of −46.9 ‰) using a free-air stable carbon isotope approach. Canopy air δ 13 C was reduced for about 2.5 weeks by ca. 8 ‰ in beech and 6 ‰ in spruce while the increase in CO 2 concentration was limited to about 110 µl l −1 and 80 µl l −1 , respectively. At the end of the labeling period, δ 13 C of stem CO 2 efflux and phloem sugars was reduced to a similar extend by ca. 3-4 ‰ (beech) and ca. 2-3 ‰ (spruce). The fraction of labeled C (f E,new ) in stem CO 2 efflux amounted to 0.3 to 0.4, indicating slow C turnover of the respiratory supply system in both species.Elevated O 3 slightly stimulated the allocation of recently fixed photosynthates to stem and coarse root respiration in spruce (rejection of hypothesis I for spruce), but resulted in a significant reduction in C flux in beech (acceptance of hypotheses I and II). The distinct decrease in C allocation to Correspondence to: T. E. E. Grams (grams@tum.de) beech stems indicates the potential of chronic O 3 stress to substantially mitigate the C sink strength of trees on the longterm scale.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon flux to woody tissues in a beech/spruce forest during summer and in response to chronic O<sub>3</sub> exposure

Ritter¹,

Andersen

Matyssek³

et al. 2011

Biogeosciences

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“…Recently, a number of online measurement techniques involving the use of continuous-flow IRMS and TDLS have been used with open chamber systems to measure d 13 CR S . [13,14,30] All these studies have used isotope labelling to enrich the soil surface efflux. In the system described by Subke et al, [30] for example, air is drawn through from a 20 cm diameter chamber at 300 mL min À1 and analysed using a field-deployed mass spectrometer.…”

Section: Open Chambersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This type of work, which has been undertaken in both forest and grassland systems, has utilised both natural abundance [9][10][11][12] and 13 C tracers. [13,14] Similarly, d…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This type of work, which has been undertaken in both forest and grassland systems, has utilised both natural abundance [9][10][11][12] and 13 C tracers. [13,14] Similarly, d13 CR S measurements have allowed the contribution of C from decomposition of plant litter to the SOM pool to be assessed, [15][16][17] at present the importance of this C transfer is unclear. [16,18] Carbon isotope analysis of the soil surface efflux has also been used in conjunction with compoundspecific isotope analysis for probing microbial community function.…”

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Challenges in measuring the δ¹³C of the soil surface CO₂ efflux

Midwood

Millard

2010

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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The d 13C of the soil surface efflux of carbon dioxide (d 13 CR S ) has emerged as a powerful tool enabling investigation of a wide range of soil processes from characterising entire ecosystem respiration to detailed compound-specific isotope studies. d 13 CR S can be used to trace assimilated carbon transfer below ground and to partition the overall surface efflux into heterotrophic and autotrophic components. Despite this wide range of applications no consensus currently exists on the most appropriate method of sampling this surface efflux of CO 2 in order to measure d 13 CR S . Here we consider and compare the methods which have been used, and examine the pitfalls. We also consider a number of analysis options, isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), tuneable diode laser spectroscopy (TDLS) and cavity ring-down laser spectroscopy (CRDS Increasing levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and predicted climate change have intensified research efforts to better understand the global carbon (C) cycle. Within terrestrial ecosystems, soils hold substantial amounts of C and through the exchange of CO 2 with the atmosphere have the ability to act as either a C source or a sink.[1] It is this balance and how it may be influenced by future climate change and/or land use change which has been the focus of considerable debate for some time.[2-5] The net exchange of CO 2 across a landscape can be measured using a specialist technique called eddy covariance.[6] However, eddy covariance measurements do not provide any detailed information on the underlying mechanisms which drive the terrestrial C cycle, namely photosynthesis and respiration. [7] For several decades now the stable carbon isotope 13 C has been used extensively to provide a better understanding of these two processes at a range of scales. At the ecosystem scale so-called isofluxes [8] can be measured by combining micrometeorological measurements with the 13 C analysis of CO 2 within and above the plant canopy. This type of measurement allows total ecosystem respiration to be measured -a combination of both plant (stem/leaf) respiration and the respiration from soil, or efflux rate. With the contribution of soil-derived CO 2 being important as this can provide information on the longterm overall net C balance of the system. Two basic processes contribute to the soil surface CO 2 efflux rate (R S ): autotrophic respiration from roots and the rhizosphere, and heterotrophic respiration from the turnover of soil organic matter (SOM).Against this background, measuring the rate at which CO 2 leaves the soil surface coupled with the measurement of its 13 C/ 12 C ratio (d 13 CR S ) has emerged as a key tool in ecophysiological research and global terrestrial C cycle studies. Isotopic analyses provide a means of distinguishing the C sources which contribute to this overall flux, allowing either the autotrophic or the heterotrophic components to be quantified. For example, d13 CR S measurements have been used to assess the speed at which assimilated C is transfe...

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“…The studies on carbon allocation in trees using pulse labeling have usually been performed in microcosms or mesocosms (Norton et al 1990 ;Ek 1997 ;Simard et al 1997 ), and only a few studies have been conducted in situ with adult trees but have never considered the fruiting bodies of the associated fungi (Högberg et al 2008 ;Plain et al 2009 ;Subke et al 2009 ;Epron et al 2011 ). Recently, Le Tacon et al ( 2013 ) have elegantly assessed the allocation of carbon by the host to Tuber melanosporum mycorrhizae and ascocarps via an in situ 13 CO 2 pulse-labeling experiment performed on a 20-year-old hazel tree in a truffl e orchard established in the northeast of France.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ectomycorrhizal Fungi and Their Applications

Mello

Zampieri

Balestrini

2014

Plant Microbes Symbiosis: Applied Facets

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Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi form association with relatively small number of plants that dominate boreal, temperate, Mediterranean, and some subtropical forest ecosystems. These plant species have been able to acquire metabolic capabilities through symbioses with ECM fungi, thus improving their mineral nutrition and growth in several ecological niches. Mycorrhizal fungi can also play several other important ecological roles, including the protection of plants from abiotic and biotic stresses. Several "targeted" metagenomic projects have been carried out, or are now in progress, in order to identify the fungal communities in soil, including ECM fungi, which are present in various habitats (e.g., forest and truffl eground soils, etc.). ECM fungi, which are important both because of their economic value as edible fungi (i.e., truffl es, boletes) and because of their application in reforestation projects, are the subject of this chapter, in which the recent advances in ECM fungal communities are reviewed, focusing mainly on the applicative aspects related to the use of these fungi.

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Tracing of recently assimilated carbon in respiration at high temporal resolution in the field with a tuneable diode laser absorption spectrometer after in situ 13CO2 pulse labelling of 20-year-old beech trees

Cited by 98 publications

References 40 publications

Carbon flux to woody tissues in a beech/spruce forest during summer and in response to chronic O<sub>3</sub> exposure

Carbon flux to woody tissues in a beech/spruce forest during summer and in response to chronic O<sub>3</sub> exposure

Challenges in measuring the δ¹³C of the soil surface CO₂ efflux

Ectomycorrhizal Fungi and Their Applications

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Tracing of recently assimilated carbon in respiration at high temporal resolution in the field with a tuneable diode laser absorption spectrometer after in situ 13CO2 pulse labelling of 20-year-old beech trees

Cited by 98 publications

References 40 publications

Carbon flux to woody tissues in a beech/spruce forest during summer and in response to chronic O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; exposure

Carbon flux to woody tissues in a beech/spruce forest during summer and in response to chronic O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; exposure

Challenges in measuring the δ13C of the soil surface CO2 efflux

Ectomycorrhizal Fungi and Their Applications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Carbon flux to woody tissues in a beech/spruce forest during summer and in response to chronic O<sub>3</sub> exposure

Carbon flux to woody tissues in a beech/spruce forest during summer and in response to chronic O<sub>3</sub> exposure

Challenges in measuring the δ¹³C of the soil surface CO₂ efflux