Tracing individuals and populations of the tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818), from Brazilian hatcheries using microsatellite markers

Abstract

BACKGROUND In recent years, tracing of alimentary produce of animal origin has become increasingly important, for economic, food safety and ecological reasons. The tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum, is the native fish most farmed in Brazil. The reliable identification of the origin of tambaquis (wild or farmed) offered for sale to the general public has become necessary to satisfy regulatory norms and uphold consumer confidence. Molecular methods based on the analysis of DNA sequences have often been used to evaluate the potential for tracing farmed fish, given their reliability and precision. RESULTS Full likelihood and Bayesian approaches proved to be the most efficient for the identification, respectively, of individuals and populations for most of the fish sampled from seven hatcheries and one wild stock. The exclusion method and genetic distances were the least effective approaches for the identification of individuals and populations. The Bayesian method identified correctly more than 99% of the fry from most stocks, except those of the Santarém hatchery and River Amazon wild stock, which presented the best results for individual identification. CONCLUSIONS The identification of populations was effective for most hatcheries, although the identification of individuals from most stocks was hampered by the reduced genetic variability. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry

Novel Microsatellite Markers Used for Determining Genetic Diversity and Tracing of Wild and Farmed Populations of the Amazonian Giant Fish Arapaima gigas

“…For the A. gigas , identification at the population level had better performance than the individual discrimination, which corroborates the findings of [ 11 , 28 ]. A simulation study reported that at least 15 microsatellites are necessary to correctly reach 95% of confidence in attribution decisions [ 48 ].…”

“…At the individual level, the process is based on parental screening for the identification of individuals. At the population level, it is based on identifying allelic frequencies using probabilistic or deterministic approaches [ 11 ]. For the A. gigas , the genetic tracing can be useful against the illegal trade through genetic proof of the origin of the marketed animals, and it could also help in the implantation of breeding genetic management in the aquaculture farms based on the identification of DNA profiles.…”

Aspectos Econômico Da Piscicultura Na Amazônia Brasileira

“…Apesar da tecnologia CRISPR ainda não ter sido aplicada às espécies amazônicas, recentemente estudos envolvendo biologia molecular têm sido cada vez mais explorados e a principal espécie-alvo é C. macropomum. Entre as técnicas mais utilizadas estão o uso de marcadores microssatélites para identificar a origem dos animais 39 , análise de transcriptoma para avaliação da expressão gênica 40; 41 , uso de marcadores moleculares para identificação de células-tronco 42; 43 e a identificação de microRNAs 44 . Outras espécies amazônicas também têm sido alvo de estudos envolvendo microssatélites 45 , filogenia e caracterização molecular de parasitas 46; 47; 48 e estudo de genes mitocondriais para análise de relações taxonômicas e evolutivas 49 .…”