Tracing evolutions of elastomeric composites in shape memory actuators: A comprehensive review

Amirkiai, Arian; Abrisham, Mahbod; Panahi‐Sarmad, Mahyar; Xiao, Xueliang; Alimardani, Aidin; Sadri, Mahdi

doi:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2021.102658

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 180 publications

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“…All these materials present a winning combination of excellent electrical and mechanical properties, which is definitely an apparent advantage in conductive TPU-based products. 4,34 2.1.1. Zero-Dimensional Carbonaceous Materials.…”

Section: The Role Of Conductive Materials Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With different approaches and technologies, these materials were added into TPU and built effective conductive pathways, rendering the TPU the ability of conductivity and strain sensing. All these materials present a winning combination of excellent electrical and mechanical properties, which is definitely an apparent advantage in conductive TPU-based products. , …”

Section: The Role Of Conductive Materials In Tpu-based Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, all these types of flexible sensors are considered to have a promising future in a myriad of applications. 3,4 Undoubtedly, softness and elasticity are vital components of materials used in design of flexible sensors. 5 Among various available options for material selection, including polyimide (PI), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyurethane (PU), etc., 6−8 thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) demonstrates excellent elasticity and flexibility, good chemical stability, facility of processing, and cost-efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, flexible strain sensors can even be applied in electronic skin (e-skin) and soft robots owing to their soft touch and sensing properties that mimicking the skin. Thus, all these types of flexible sensors are considered to have a promising future in a myriad of applications. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Advances of Flexible Strain Sensors Based on Conductive Fillers and Thermoplastic Polyurethane Matrixes

Chen

Xie

Wang

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Over recent years, flexible strain sensors have been playing an increasingly important role, especially in wearable electronics, healthcare equipment, electronic skins (e-skins), and soft robots. Numerous materials are utilized in these applications; however, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is prominently used for its elastomer-like behavior, suitable flexibility, and facility of combination with diverse conductive materials. These characteristics satisfy the growing demands for better stretchability, higher sensitivity, and a wider workable sensing range of flexible strain sensors. In this review paper, recent progress on TPU-based strain sensors is tracked and discussed, including carbonaceous entities, silver nanomaterials, and conductive polymers in terms of various conductive materials first. Afterward, exciting and effective designing of macro- and microstructures, as well as their influence on the performance of strain sensors, is discussed. Finally, TPU-based strain sensors’ wide applications and distinctive multifunctionality are presented and reviewed. This review paper presents the profound significance and attractive prospects of TPU-based flexible strain sensors in the design and development of intelligent devices.

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Section: The Role Of Conductive Materials Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Role Of Conductive Materials In Tpu-based Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Recent Advances of Flexible Strain Sensors Based on Conductive Fillers and Thermoplastic Polyurethane Matrixes

Chen

Xie

Wang

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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“…Since most polymers are to some extend transparent to microwave radiation, the dispersion of appropriate additives as microwave absorbers in the polymer matrix is necessary. There are various categories in nano additives based on their nature, such as carbonaceous, 11–13 silicate‐based nanoparticles, 14,15 and their hybrid systems 16 . One of the most applicable additives among the named particles is carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which have attracted a great deal of attention due to their strong microwave absorptivity alongside their excellent mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties 16–18 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabricating bimodal microcellular structure in polystyrene/carbon nanotube/glass‐fiber hybrid nanocomposite foam by microwave‐assisted heating: A proof‐of‐concept study

Shahbazi

Aghvami‐Panah

Panahi‐Sarmad

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In the current study, polystyrene/carbon nanotubes/glass fiber (PS/CNT/GF) hybrid foam with a bimodal cellular-structure has been fabricated via microwave heating as a novel energy source. Microwave-assisted (MA) samples not only demonstrated the lowest density as compared to traditional methods but also represented superior compressive mechanical properties. Since the bimodal morphology has not been seen so far, the role of selective microwave heating has been thoroughly investigated from the microstructural point of view. Accordingly, the amount of receiving microwave radiations to heat up the system is controllable via the CNTs (as nucleating agents and absorbers) as well as radiation time. Moreover, 1-15 wt% fibers were incorporated to enhance mechanical performance, which led to turning uniform cellular structure to the bimodal pattern, and its cell morphological was studied thereafter. Electrical conductivity and dielectric permittivity properties have not been deprived of bimodality benefits which have been rigorously proven.

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Stiffness Variable Polymers Comprising Phase‐Changing Side‐Chains: Material Syntheses and Application Explorations

et al. 2022

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lack the adaptability biological muscles have for variable working environments. Emerging opportunities in airborne and submarine vehicles, agricultural manipulations, biomedical devices, and wearable electronics require materials with variable rigidity to respond to dynamically changing conditions. [3][4][5][6] The mechanical impedance of such materials can be altered or fine-tuned to allow the system to adapt without a sophisticated control algorithm. For example, when grasping a fragile object such as an egg using a gripper, a stiffness variable material provides an adaptive contact force to optimally complete the task. Similarly, bio-inspired robots and wearable exoskeletons require stiffness variable materials capable of a large stiffness change to provide structural load-bearing and mechanical work output. In the softened state, the material can deform to locomote, maneuver, and absorb the energy arising from a collision or when interfacing with the human body. Some applications, such as medical endoscope designs, involve "move-and-hold" operations. This is where a variable-stiffness structure that holds a particular orientation in space or rigidly supports a load is able to become deformable on demand to change shape or reposition. [7] Other potential applications that can benefit from variable stiffness materials include biomechanically compatible sensor insertions for neural implants, vibration, and noise control in aerospace structures, and conformal shape morphing robotic systems. Requirements of Stiffness Variable MaterialsTo impart the perceived smart and adaptive systems with versatile and advantageous functionalities matching or surpassing those of natural systems, the stiffness variable materials should possess the following important features:1. Wide modulus variation: A range of modulus variation greater than 100 or even 1000-fold is required. A high modulus is desired for load-bearing and supporting freestanding structures, while a low modulus provides conformation, shape transformation, energy absorption, and dissipation. 2. Mild stimulus: A mild stimulus to trigger the stiffness variable operation, such as a narrow temperature span in Stiffness variable materials have been applied in a variety of engineering fields that require adaptation, automatic modulation, and morphing because of their unique property to switch between a rigid, load-bearing state and a soft, compliant state. Stiffness variable polymers comprising phase-changing side-chains (s-SVPs) have densely grafted, highly crystallizable long alkyl sidechains in a crosslinked network. Such a bottlebrush network-like structure gives rise to rigidity modulation as a result of the reversible crystallization and melting of the side chains. The corresponding modulus changes can be more than 1000-fold within a narrow temperature span, from ≈10 2 MPa to ≈10 2 kPa or lower. Other important properties of the s-SVP, such as stretchability, optical transmittance, and adhesion, can also be altered. This work reviews the underlying molecular mech...

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Tracing evolutions of elastomeric composites in shape memory actuators: A comprehensive review

Cited by 8 publications

References 180 publications

Recent Advances of Flexible Strain Sensors Based on Conductive Fillers and Thermoplastic Polyurethane Matrixes

Recent Advances of Flexible Strain Sensors Based on Conductive Fillers and Thermoplastic Polyurethane Matrixes

Fabricating bimodal microcellular structure in polystyrene/carbon nanotube/glass‐fiber hybrid nanocomposite foam by microwave‐assisted heating: A proof‐of‐concept study

Stiffness Variable Polymers Comprising Phase‐Changing Side‐Chains: Material Syntheses and Application Explorations

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