Trachyspermum ammi: A review on traditional and modern pharmacological aspects Traditional and modern aspects

Abstract

Ajwain, dried mature seed like fruits are well known by names such as thymol seeds, caraway, carom, ajowan, or bishop's weed, belongs to the Apiaceae family. Carum copticum is the Latin name for this spice. Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague ex Turrill is scientific name. This spice is indigenous to Egypt, although it is also cultivate in India, Iran, Pakistan, Iraq, Afganistan, other nations in South and West Asia as well as Europe. Gujarat and Rajasthan are Indian states noted for their ajwain cultivation. It is known as Zenyan or Nankhah in medical and pharmaceutical manuscript of medieval Persia. As Traditional Persian Medicine, Ajwain was well known from thousands of years in unani as well as ayurveda. It is used as a spice world-widely. This plant contains a variety of bioactive compunds of pharmacological importance, involving carbohydrates, fat, fibre, glycosides, protein, phenolic compounds, volatile oil (thymol, γ-terpinene, para-cymene, and α-and β-pinene), saponins and mineral content are found in this plant. The ajwain extract is known as "Admoda Arka" in Ayurveda. Ethnopharmacological values added by Vaidya gurus for coughs, colds, pain, headaches, heartburn, asthma, diarrhoea, painful menstruation, cholera, stomach discomfort, and smooth respiratory and kidney function. It has been used in modern medicine due to clinical findings of its pharmacological activities involving Bronchodilator, Cardiac Stimulant, Carminative, Digestive Stimulant, Diuretic, Galactagogue, Hypo-glycemic, Antioxidant, Antifungal, Anthelmintic, Anti-arthritic, Anti-inflammatory, Antiflatulent, Analgesic, Antimicrobial, Antihypertensive, Antifilarial. In this paper we primarily focused on Detailed phytochemistry along with Pharmcognostical and Nutritional values, also traditional and modern pharmacological role along with its safety measurement.

Antibacterial effects of chitosan-based hydrogels containing Trachyspermum ammi essential oil on pathogens isolated from dogs with otitis externa

“…Subsequently, 178 µl of EDC was added to the CHOL solution, and the mixture was kept in darkness for a short period. To the formation of amid linkages between the carboxyl groups of CHOL (C 26 H 45 COOH) and the amino groups of CS ( a [ 1 – 4 ]-2-amino-2-deoxy B -D-glucan), the CHOL-EDC mixture was added dropwise, slowly, to a solution containing 75 µl of CS while stirring on a magnetic stirrer. To ensure a complete formation of amid linkages between CS and CHOL, The resulting mixture was left to stir on a magnetic stirrer for 24 h to allow for adequate linkage formation.…”

“…In the end, two separate phases were created; the supernatant was discarded, and the sediment containing CS-CHOL Nano-gel encapsulated with T. ammi EO was used for microbial tests. The optical absorbance of the supernatant was taken by UV-Vis spectrophotometry using а Varioskan Flash Multimode Reader (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA) at a wavelength of 280 nm to calculate the Loading efficiency of the EO according to the formula [ 1 ]. …”

“…The plant contains several bioactive compounds of pharmacological significance, including saponins, phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, fats, fiber, volatile oil, glycosides, and minerals. In modern medicine, Ajwain has been used for various purposes such as bronchodilation, cardiac stimulation, carminative effects, digestive stimulation, diuretic properties, Galactagogue, hypoglycemic effects, anti-inflammatory properties, analgesic effects, antibiotic activity, and as an ant filarial agent [ 1 ]. The essential oil (EO) extracted from the dried seeds of T. ammi contains approximately 50% Thymol, a potent germicide, anti-spasmodic, and fungicide.…”

Ginseng in Veterinary Practice: Benefits and Considerations

“…Ethnopharmacology of plants helps to identify natural plants with therapeutic potential in specific ethnic or cultural regions. For example, Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague ex Turrill or Carom seeds or Ajwain are cultivated in subcontinent regions and are commonly used in the treatment of digestive disorders in humans and animals, leading to inferences about their origin and function (Goyal et al, 2022). Likewise, ginseng, an herbal supplement widely grown and used in Korea, China, and Japan, is rich in biological properties that significantly prolong lifespan, increase libido, suppress cardiovascular diseases, and many more (Yue et al, 2007).…”

Evaluation of Nephroprotective Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Trachyspermum ammi Leaves and Citrus paradisi Fruits against Prednisolone Induced ADPKD in Experimental Rats

“…5 This extract is believed to possess various bioactive components like flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and phenolic compounds which are thought to contribute to its nephroprotective effect. 6,7 C. paradisi, commonly known as grapefruit, is a citrus fruit belonging to the family Rutaceae Practitioners of conventional medicine often use it to address including kidney diseases. Several studies have reported anti-inflammation, antioxidant, and antimicrobial actions of the hydroalcoholic extract of C. paradisi.…”