Trachoma Control as a Vehicle Toward International Development and Achievement of the Millennium Development Goals

Callahan, Kelly; Palmer, Stephanie L.; Emerson, Paul M.; Hopkins, Donald R.; Withers, P. Craig; Ngondi, Jeremiah

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003137

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Our explanation for the differences by gender is attributed to the role assumed by the indigenous woman of the Amazon since childhood, in the care of the youngest children in the household. As documented in the literature [31,32], children carry the highest burden of TF and consequently, can result in an increased risk of transmission from the child to their caregiver. Concerning the difference in TT prevalence between the two districts, an explanation for this is beyond the scope of this study.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of trachoma and associated factors in the rural area of the department of Vaupés, Colombia

Miller¹,

Mesa

Talero

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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The objectives of the study were to estimate the prevalence of different clinical signs of trachoma and identify possible factors associated with TF. Methodology Following the approval of the study protocol by the ethics committee, a cross-sectional study was conducted in Vaupé s, a department of the Colombian Amazon, between the years 2012 and 2013 in two districts. Based on the records obtained from a standardized format for the clinical evaluation of the participants and the factors associated with follicular trachoma, an excel database was built and debugged, which was analyzed using IBM SPSS, Statistics Version 23 and Stata STATA (Version 14, 2015, StataCorp LLC, Texas, USA). Results The records of 13,091 individuals was collected from 216 rural indigenous communities, of which 12,080 were examined (92.3%); 7,274 in the Western and 4,806 in the Eastern districts. A prevalence of trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) of 21.7% (n = 599; 95% CI 20.2-23.3) in the Western and 24.9% (n = 483; 95% CI 23.1-26.9) in the Eastern district was found in children aged 1 to 9 years. Regarding trachomatous trichiasis (TT), 77 cases were found, of which 14 belonged to the Western district (prevalence 0.3%, CI 95% 0.2-0.5) and 63 to the Eastern district (1.8%, CI 95% 1.4-2.4). Children aged between 1 to 9 years were significantly more likely to have TF when there was the presence of secretions on the face (OR: 3.2; 95% CI: 2.6-3.9).

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Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of trachoma and associated factors in the rural area of the department of Vaupés, Colombia

Miller¹,

Mesa

Talero

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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“…[1–3] Caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis , trachoma is thought to be transmitted by direct contact from infected persons and clothing, as well as the moisture-seeking fly Musca sorbens . [4,5] Currently endemic in 53 countries[6], trachoma is estimated to result in blindness or severe vision loss in more than 2 million people[1], with the majority of cases found in sub-Saharan Africa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘If an Eye Is Washed Properly, It Means It Would See Clearly’: A Mixed Methods Study of Face Washing Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors in Rural Ethiopia

et al. 2016

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BackgroundFace cleanliness is a core component of the SAFE (Surgery, Antibiotics, Facial cleanliness, and Environmental improvements) strategy for trachoma control. Understanding knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to face washing may be helpful for designing effective interventions for improving facial cleanliness.MethodsIn April 2014, a mixed methods study including focus groups and a quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted in the East Gojjam zone of the Amhara region of Ethiopia. Participants were asked about face washing practices, motivations for face washing, use of soap (which may reduce bacterial load), and fly control strategies.ResultsOverall, both knowledge and reported practice of face washing was high. Participants reported they knew that washing their own face and their children’s faces daily was important for hygiene and infection control. Although participants reported high knowledge of the importance of soap for face washing, quantitative data revealed strong variations by community in the use of soap for face washing, ranging from 4.4% to 82.2% of households reporting using soap for face washing. Cost and forgetfulness were cited as barriers to the use of soap for face washing. Keeping flies from landing on children was a commonly cited motivator for regular face washing, as was trachoma prevention.ConclusionsInterventions aiming to improve facial cleanliness for trachoma prevention should focus on habit formation (to address forgetfulness) and address barriers to the use of soap, such as reducing cost. Interventions that focus solely on improving knowledge may not be effective for changing face-washing behaviors.

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“…1 Communities with inadequate environmental cleanliness and low socioeconomic status in rural areas are most commonly affected by trachoma. [2][3][4] Population-based surveys in Egypt have reported that trachoma is still a public health problem. 5 There is widespread consensus that primary TT should be surgically treated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified Anterior Lamellar Recession for All Grades of Upper Eyelid Trachomatous Cicatricial Entropion

Ibrahim,

Tharwat,

Khalil

et al. 2023

OPTH

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Purpose This study aims to assess the combination of anterior lamellar recession (ALR) with blepharoplasty, suprasternal fixation, and internal eyelash bulb extirpation of aberrant lashes posteriorly located in patients with any grade of upper eyelid trachomatous cicatricial entropion. Patients and Methods We reviewed the clinical data of eighty-six patients (143 eyelids) including age, gender, systemic medical illnesses, and comprehensive ophthalmological assessment. Eyelid evaluation was recorded, including laterality, previous surgical technique used, possible trichiasis etiology, abnormality of the lid margin, tarsal plate consistency (shrinkage or loosening), skin fold overhanging, laxity of the pretarsal skin, margin reflex distance 1 (MRD1), lagophthalmos, and lid retraction. The success rate was assessed at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months postoperative. Results The success rate was 97.2% in the third month, which decreased significantly to 92.3% in the 6th month and 90.2% in the 9th month (P = 0.01, and 0.001 respectively). In the 9th month, we had fourteen failed cases. All of them were submitted for a second intervention. Three underwent electrolysis, four cases underwent re-internal bulb extirpation, four cases underwent the same procedure, and three cases underwent epilation. The success of the failed cases after the second intervention was significantly associated with the type of reintervention (P = 0.03), in which all of them succeed except two cases that underwent epilation. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the mean recurrence time in our study was 6.8 months (95% CI = 5.8–7.7 months). Conclusion This study showed the combination of ALR with blepharoplasty, suprasternal fixation, and cauterization or internal bulb extirpation of posteriorly located lashes procedure resulted in a high success rate in patients with any form of UCE with no increase in incidence or degree of lagophthalmos associated with UCE.

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Trachoma Control as a Vehicle Toward International Development and Achievement of the Millennium Development Goals

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

Prevalence of trachoma and associated factors in the rural area of the department of Vaupés, Colombia

Prevalence of trachoma and associated factors in the rural area of the department of Vaupés, Colombia

‘If an Eye Is Washed Properly, It Means It Would See Clearly’: A Mixed Methods Study of Face Washing Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors in Rural Ethiopia

Modified Anterior Lamellar Recession for All Grades of Upper Eyelid Trachomatous Cicatricial Entropion

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