“…Many etiological factors have been indicated as contributing to the onset of stenosis: type of skin incision, diameter of the trachea, type of tracheal dissection performed, devascularization of the trachea, level of the stoma, excess skin and peristomal fat, flap reconstruction, incorrect mucosal-cutaneous suturing, excessively large thyroid gland, infection after surgery, hypertrophic scarring and formation of keloids, presurgical and postsurgical radiotherapy, use of corticosteroids, and tracheoesophageal puncture. 1,[3][4][5]8,[11][12][13] As many authors 3,5,7,8,[13][14][15] have already highlighted, the most important factor in prevention of stenosis is correct execution of the tracheostoma when total laryngectomy is carried out.…”