Tracheobronchial tuberculosis

Abstract

Tracheobronchial tuberculosis (TBTB) is reported in approximately 10% to 39% of the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. It is defined as the tubercle infection of the trachea and or bronchi. Due to its non-specific presentation, insidious onset and normal chest radiography in about 10-20% of the patients, the diagnosis is delayed. Bronchoscopy is the most definite method of diagnosis which provides adequate specimens for microbiological and histopathological diagnosis. Tracheobronchial stenosis is one of the most common long term complications of TBTB resulting in significant morbidity. It is estimated that 90% of patients with TBTB have some degree of tracheal and or bronchial stenosis. In this review article, we will discuss the pathogenesis, symptoms, imaging, bronchoscopic findings, and treatment of TBTB and management of tracheobronchial stenosis.

GeneXpert MTB/RIF for rapid diagnosis and rifampin resistance detection of endobronchial tuberculosis

“…The histological features included necrotizing granulomatous inflammation with varying numbers of accompanying non‐necrotizing granulomas. The necrotic zones usually contain amorphous granular debris with no identifiable lung structures (so‐called infarct‐like necrosis) . The sputum and bronchial biopsy samples were cultured for MTB; this process was performed with a 960 rapid‐culture system (BACTEC MGIT 960 Systems; Becton Dickinson, Oxford, UK) .…”

Pleural effusion resulting from bronchial tuberculosis

“…BTB refers to TB occurring in the mucosa, submucosa, smooth muscle, cartilage, and epithelium of the bronchus. [ 5 ] The detection rate of BTB has significantly increased in the recent years. [ 6 ] Data show that 5% to 10% of patients have no tuberculous lesions in their lungs; they only experience invasion of their trachea and bronchi.…”

Spectrum of imaging findings in pulmonary infections. Part 2: Fungal, mycobacterial, and parasitic

“…Tracheobronchial tuberculosis is seen in approximately 10-39% of cases of pulmonary tuberculosis [21], usually due to the rupture of lymph nodes into a bronchus. Rasmussen aneurysm is formed due to the granulomatous weakening of the pulmonary artery wall; it is a life-threatening complication.…”