Tracer Interpretation Using Temporal Moments on a Spreadsheet

Shook, G. Michael; Forsmann, J. Hope

doi:10.2172/910998

Cited by 42 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In a Lorenz curve, the cumulative percent of a quantity (population in the original study of Lorenz, but here, storage capacity, which is the time-weighted reservoir volume seen by the tracer at time t) is typically plotted against the cumulative proportion of observations (originally wealth held by the percentages of the population, but here, the fraction of the tracer recovered in the production well through that volume, that is, flow capacity; Ayling et al, 2016;Hao et al, 2012;Lorenz, 1905;Shook, 2003;Shook & Forsmann, 2005;Shook & Suzuki, 2017). The primary assumptions for the analyses of flow and storage capacities are as follows: (i) fluid flow is at steady state and thus the swept pore volume and flow geometry do not vary with time and (ii) the tracers behave conservatively (Shook & Forsmann, 2005). Although the particulate 10.1029/2019WR025021…”

Section: Moment Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• Similar to the approach of Shook and Forsmann (2005), the pore volume, V p [L 3 ], swept by the tracer, can be calculated as…”

Section: Moment Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following the approach of Shook and Forsmann (2005) and Shook and Suzuki (2017), the time series tracer concentrations, c(t), at a monitoring location were normalized as age distribution functions E(t) [T −1 ],…”

Section: Moment Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We use only the lowest-order temporal moments because they are the most informative Leube et al (2012), allowing determination of tracer recovery, mean residence time, and the degree of spreading from the center of mass. In addition, the swept volume and the fluid flow geometry can also be estimated by the moment analysis (Shook & Forsmann, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Field Comparison of DNA‐Labeled Nanoparticle and Solute Tracer Transport in a Fractured Crystalline Rock

Kittilä

Jalali

Evans

et al. 2019

Water Resources Research

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Field tracer experiments were conducted to examine tracer transport properties in a fracture‐dominated crystalline rock mass at the Grimsel Test Site, Switzerland. In the experiments reported here, both the DNA nanotracers and solute dye tracers were simultaneously injected. We compare the transport of DNA nanotracers to solute dye tracers by performing temporal moment analysis on the recorded tracer breakthrough curves and estimate the swept volumes and flow geometries. The DNA nanotracers, approximately 166 nm in diameter, are observed to travel at a higher average velocity than the solutes but with lower mass recoveries, lower swept volumes, and less dispersion. Moreover, size exclusion and potentially, particle density effects are observed during the transport of the DNA nanotracers. Compared to solute tracers, the greatest strength of DNA nanotracers is the demonstrated zero signal interference of background noise during repeat or multitracer tests. This work provides encouraging results in advancing the use of DNA nanotracers in hydrogeological applications, for example, during contaminant transport investigations or geothermal reservoir characterization.

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Section: Moment Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• Similar to the approach of Shook and Forsmann (2005), the pore volume, V p [L 3 ], swept by the tracer, can be calculated as…”

Section: Moment Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Moment Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Field Comparison of DNA‐Labeled Nanoparticle and Solute Tracer Transport in a Fractured Crystalline Rock

Kittilä

Jalali

Evans

et al. 2019

Water Resources Research

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show abstract

“…As curve tailings could not be resolved in the DRBTCs and also information on flow rates cannot be retrieved from GPR data only, established approaches for measured tracer transit time distributions such as moment analysis [51,52] cannot be applied for DRBTCs. However, if a sufficiently long time series would be available, relative moments, such as the Gini coefficient and the Peclet number, could be calculated from DRBTCs.…”

Section: Drbtc Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computing Localized Breakthrough Curves and Velocities of Saline Tracer from Ground Penetrating Radar Monitoring Experiments in Fractured Rock

et al. 2021

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Solute tracer tests are an established method for the characterization of flow and transport processes in fractured rock. Such tests are often monitored with borehole sensors which offer high temporal sampling and signal to noise ratio, but only limited spatial deployment possibilities. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is sensitive to electromagnetic properties, and can thus be used to monitor the transport behavior of electrically conductive tracers. Since GPR waves can sample large volumes that are practically inaccessible by traditional borehole sensors, they are expected to increase the spatial resolution of tracer experiments. In this manuscript, we describe two approaches to infer quantitative hydrological data from time-lapse borehole reflection GPR experiments with saline tracers in fractured rock. An important prerequisite of our method includes the generation of GPR data difference images. We show how the calculation of difference radar breakthrough curves (DRBTC) allows to retrieve relative electrical conductivity breakthrough curves for theoretically arbitrary locations in the subsurface. For sufficiently small fracture apertures we found the relation between the DRBTC values and the electrical conductivity in the fracture to be quasi-linear. Additionally, we describe a flow path reconstruction procedure that allows computing approximate flow path distances using reflection GPR data from at least two boreholes. From the temporal information during the time-lapse GPR surveys, we are finally able to calculate flow-path averaged tracer velocities. Our new methods were applied to a field data set that was acquired at the Grimsel Test Site in Switzerland. DRBTCs were successfully calculated for previously inaccessible locations in the experimental rock volume and the flow path averaged velocity field was found to be in good accordance with previous studies at the Grimsel Test Site.

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Measurement and simulation of heat exchange in fractured bedrock using inert and thermally degrading tracers

Hawkins

Fox

Becker

et al. 2017

Water Resources Research

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Multicomponent groundwater tracer tests were conducted in a well‐characterized field site in Altona, NY using inert carbon‐cored nanoparticles and a thermally degrading phenolic compound. Experiments were conducted in a mesoscale reservoir consisting of a single subhorizontal bedding plane fracture located 7.6 m below ground surface contained between two wells separated by 14.1 m. The reservoir rock, initially at 11.7°C, was heated using 74°C water. During the heating process, a series of tracer tests using thermally degrading tracers were used to characterize the progressive in situ heating of the fracture. Fiber‐Optic Distributed Temperature Sensing (FODTS) was used to measure temperature rise orthogonal to the fracture surface at 10 locations. Recovery of the thermally degrading tracer's product was increased as the reservoir was progressively heated indicating that the advancement of the thermal front was proportional to the mass fraction of the thermally degrading tracer recovered. Both GPR imaging and FODTS measurements reveal that flow was reduced to a narrow channel which directly connected the two wells and led to rapid thermal breakthrough. Computational modeling of inert tracer and heat transport in a two‐dimensional discrete fracture demonstrate that subsurface characterization using inert tracers alone could not uniquely characterize the Altona field site. However, the inclusion of a thermally degrading tracer may permit accurate subsurface temperature monitoring. At the Altona field site, however, fluid‐rock interactions appear to have increased reaction rates relative to laboratory‐based measurements made in the absence of rock surfaces.

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Tracer Interpretation Using Temporal Moments on a Spreadsheet

Cited by 42 publications

References 12 publications

Field Comparison of DNA‐Labeled Nanoparticle and Solute Tracer Transport in a Fractured Crystalline Rock

Field Comparison of DNA‐Labeled Nanoparticle and Solute Tracer Transport in a Fractured Crystalline Rock

Computing Localized Breakthrough Curves and Velocities of Saline Tracer from Ground Penetrating Radar Monitoring Experiments in Fractured Rock

Measurement and simulation of heat exchange in fractured bedrock using inert and thermally degrading tracers

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