Trace metals (lead and cadmium exposure screening)

Abstract

Lead and cadmium exposures are two old problems with modem prevalence. Lead and cadmium are widely dispersed in the environment, and exposure to either element can give rise to a number of adverse health effects due to their toxicity after accumulation in multiple organs in the body. While lead poisoning remains a dominant health problem in the United States despite the decline in occupational and environmental exposure in the

Multielement Determination of Cadmium and Lead in Urine by Simultaneous Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with an End-capped Graphite Tube

“…[1][2][3] The determination of toxic metals in urine has been used for assessing occupational and environmental exposure. 2,3 Additionally, it can be required for the clinical evaluation of potential candidates for chelation therapy based on an 8-h calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (CaNa2EDTA) mobilization test.…”

“…[1][2][3] The determination of toxic metals in urine has been used for assessing occupational and environmental exposure. 2,3 Additionally, it can be required for the clinical evaluation of potential candidates for chelation therapy based on an 8-h calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (CaNa2EDTA) mobilization test. 4 Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) still poses as the technique of choice for trace-element determinations in clinical samples due to its favorable features: high selectivity and sensitivity, ease of operation, minimal sample preparation, and possibility to carry out an in situ sample thermal decomposition during the heating program.…”

Voltammetric Determination of Cadmium, Copper and Lead Using Glassy carbon Electrode

“…Cadmium and lead are of public health interest because of several dangerous effects that they may cause to humans. They are widely dispersed in the environment, and exposure to either elements can increase the number of adverse health effects due to their toxicity after accumulation in multiple organs in the human body [8] . The present work is aimed to study and determine cadmium, copper and lead metal ions electrochemically using glassy carbon electrode.…”

Lead(II) Complexes of Lateral Macrobicyclic Receptors That Incorporate a Crown Moiety and a Pyridine Head Unit

“…[3] Once ingested through the gastrointestinal tract, lead accumulates in soft tissues, including vital organs such as the kidneys, liver, or brain, where it is bound to thiol and phosphate groups in proteins, nucleic acids, and cell membranes, [4,5] ultimately resulting in severe neurological and/or hematological effects. [6,7] Among the different platforms used for lead(II) complexation, macrocyclic receptors such as crown ethers and related systems, [8] calixarenes, [9] or cryptands [10] play an essential role. These receptors possess a high level of preorganization that often results in superior selectivities of their complexes with metal ions in comparison to those of acyclic ligands.…”