Trace metals in six fish by-products of two farmed fishes, the gilthead sea bream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>) and the meager (<i>Argyrosomus regius</i>): Interactions with the environment and feed

Kandyliari, Aikaterini; Karavoltsos, Sotirios; Sakellari, Aikaterini; Anastasiadis, P; Asderis, Michalis; Papandroulakis, Nikos; Kapsofefalou, Maria

doi:10.1080/10807039.2020.1799188

Cited by 13 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Since the limits for toxic metals in fish side streams are not currently legislated, their assessment could be carried out according to those established for fish muscle. In this sense, the existing regulatory limits for As, Hg, Cd, and Pb are 13.5, 0.5, 0.05, and 0.30 µg/g of wet tissue [ 15 , 31 ], values much higher than those obtained in this study. Therefore, all sea bass side streams analyzed could be considered as safe to be used for the food industry under the circular economy point of view, in terms of As, Hg, Cd, and Pb content.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 78%

“…Similarly, there was no presence of Cd in muscle or gills, while the values in viscera were 0.322 µg/g (ww). Although there is no literature data regarding the concentration of metals in sea bass skin and tailfins, a recent study determined several trace elements in different sea bream samples (a specie closely related to sea bass) side streams, including skin [ 15 ]. Since the limits for toxic metals in fish side streams are not currently legislated, their assessment could be carried out according to those established for fish muscle.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other groups of relevant contaminants within the food chain to be considered in farmed fish are toxic metals such as arsenic, mercury, cadmium, and lead, as these contaminants are usually found in feed, water, and particulate matter in the aquaculture environment [ 13 , 14 ]. Although these contaminants have been traditionally investigated in edible fish tissues, the presence of toxic metals in different side streams of farmed sea bass, sea bream, and meagre have been recently reported [ 14 , 15 ]. Therefore, the safety of any fish side stream should be ensured in order to retain the quality of the product.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Integrated Approach for the Valorization of Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Side Streams: Evaluation of Contaminants and Development of Antioxidant Protein Extracts by Pressurized Liquid Extraction

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Pallarés

Barba

et al. 2021

Foods

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In this study, the presence of As, Hg, Cd, Pb, and mycotoxins in sea bass side streams (muscle, head, viscera, skin, and tailfin) was evaluated as a preliminary step to assess the effect of an innovative extraction technique (Pressurized Liquid Extraction; PLE) to obtain antioxidant protein extracts. Then, a response surface methodology-central composite design was used to evaluate and optimize the PLE extraction factors (pH, temperature, and extraction time) in terms of total protein content and total antioxidant capacity (TEAC and ORAC). Heavy metals were found in all samples while DON mycotoxin only in viscera, both far below the safe limits established by authorities for fish muscle tissue and fish feed, respectively. The selected optimal PLE extraction conditions were pH 7, 20 °C, 5 min for muscle, pH 4, 60 °C, 15 min for heads, pH 7, 50 °C, 15 min for viscera, pH 7, 55 °C, 5 min for skin, and pH 7, 60 °C, 15 min for tailfins. Optimal PLE conditions allowed increasing protein content (1.2–4.5 fold) and antioxidant capacity (1–5 fold) of sea bass side stream extracts compared to controls (conventional extraction). The highest amount of protein was extracted from muscle while the highest protein recovery percentage was found in viscera. Muscle, head, and viscera extracts showed higher antioxidant capacity than skin and tailfin extracts. Moreover, different SDS-PAGE patterns were observed among samples and a greater quantity of protein fragments of lower molecular weight were found in optimal than control extracts.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 78%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Integrated Approach for the Valorization of Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Side Streams: Evaluation of Contaminants and Development of Antioxidant Protein Extracts by Pressurized Liquid Extraction

Fuente

Pallarés

Barba

et al. 2021

Foods

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“…The relevance of fish processing side streams as an alternative source of nutrients and bioactive compounds for the food and feed industries is increasing the research on nutritional characterization and the presence of possible contaminants in these underutilized raw materials [ 5 , 6 ]. In this context, the nutritional composition of several sea bream side streams was recently evaluated [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, evaluating the transfer of feed-borne mycotoxins to different sea bream tissues is recommended. In addition, trace metals may also be transferred from the aquaculture environment to farmed fishes [ 6 , 9 ]. Toxic metals such as As, Hg, Cd, and Pb and mycotoxins have been screened in several side streams of sea bream, sea bass, meager, and salmon, although levels found of these contaminants were below the limits stablished by authorities [ 6 , 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Antioxidant Protein Extracts from Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata) Side Streams Assisted by Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE)

et al. 2021

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The pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) technique was used, for the first time, to obtain protein extracts with antioxidant activity from side streams (muscle, heads, viscera, skin, and tailfins) of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) in order to give added value to these underutilized matrices. Extraction conditions previously optimized for sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) side streams were applied. Protein recovery percentages were 22% (muscle), 33% (heads), 78% (viscera), 24% (skin), and 26% (tailfins), which represented an increase of 1.2–4.5-fold compared to control samples (extraction by stirring). The SDS-PAGE profiles revealed that PLE-assisted extraction influenced protein molecular weight distribution of the obtained extracts. PLE conditions also allowed increasing the antioxidant capacity measured by both Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC; 1.3–2.4 fold) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC; 1.9–6.4) assays for all fish extracts. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-qTOF-MS) were used to investigate the presence of toxic metals and mycotoxins in sea bream side streams. The levels of As, Hg, Cd, and Pb were below those established by authorities for fish muscle for human consumption (except for Cd in viscera samples). Through a nontargeted screening approach, no mycotoxins or related metabolites were detected for all sea bream side streams. This study contributes to the research on the valorization of fish processing side streams using environmentally friendly technology.

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Components of Aquaculture as Sources of Environmental Pollution and Available Remedial Measures

Gnaneswari¹,

Narala

Subramani³

2022

Impact of COVID-19 on Emerging Contaminants

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Trace metals in six fish by-products of two farmed fishes, the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) and the meager (Argyrosomus regius): Interactions with the environment and feed

Cited by 13 publications

References 66 publications

An Integrated Approach for the Valorization of Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Side Streams: Evaluation of Contaminants and Development of Antioxidant Protein Extracts by Pressurized Liquid Extraction

An Integrated Approach for the Valorization of Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Side Streams: Evaluation of Contaminants and Development of Antioxidant Protein Extracts by Pressurized Liquid Extraction

Development of Antioxidant Protein Extracts from Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata) Side Streams Assisted by Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE)

Components of Aquaculture as Sources of Environmental Pollution and Available Remedial Measures

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