Trace Metals in PM10 and PM2.5 Samples Collected in a Highly Industrialized Chemical/Petrochemical Area and Its Urbanized Surroundings

Paulino, Silvia dos Anjos; Oliveira, Rafael Lopes; Loyola, Josiane; Minho, Alan Silva; Arbilla, Graciela; Quitério, Simone Lorena; Escaleira, Viviane

doi:10.1007/s00128-014-1219-4

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Lockdown has resulted in restricted transportation such as trains, airplanes, and vehicles, closure of industries (temporary), and other primaries as well as the secondary of economic activities. These activities are directly proportional to air pollution ( Iverach, Mongan et al, 1976 ; Dos Anjos Paulino, Oliveira et al, 2014 ; Alnawaiseh et al, 2015 ). Several studies have already been done to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 induced lockdown on the concentrations of some pollutants in different countries like China, Canada, India, Brazil, Italy, USA, Kazakhstan, Korea, Morocco, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air quality during three covid-19 lockdown phases: AQI, PM2.5 and NO2 assessment in cities with more than 1 million inhabitants

Benchrif

Wheida

Tahri

et al. 2021

Sustainable Cities and Society

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Implemented quarantine due to the ongoing novel coronavirus (agent of COVID-19) has an immense impact on human mobility and economic activities as well as on air quality. Since then, and due to the drastic reduction in pollution levels in cities across the world, a large discussion has been magnetized regarding if the lockdown is an adequate alternative counter-measure for enhancing air quality. This paper aimed at studying the Air Quality Index (AQI), PM2.5, and tropospheric NO2 levels in three lockdown phases (before, during, and after) among 21 cities around the world. Simple before/after comparison approach was carried out to capture the declining trend in air pollution levels caused by the lockdown restrictions. The results showed that the frequency distribution for NO2 is more variable than that for PM2.5, and the distribution is flatter from 2020 to the baseline 2018-2019 period. Besides, AQI, in most of the cities, has varied from high to mild pollution during the lockdown and was moderate before. Although during the lockdown, a reduction of 3 to 58% of daily NO2 concentrations was observed across the cities, an increase was detected in three cities including Abidjan (1%), Conakry (3%), and Chengdu (10%). Despite this mixed trend, the NO2 time series clearly showed the effect of the unlocking phase where the NO2 levels increased in almost all cities. Similarly, PM2.5 concentrations have increased in the post-lockdown period, with 50% of the cities reporting significant positive differences between the lock and the unlock phase. Then, the levels of PM2.5 were higher at the pre-lockdown phase than at any other time exhibiting a “U” shape. In addition, during Ramadan, it was noted that altered patterns of daily activities in some Islamic cities have a significant negative impact on air quality.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air quality during three covid-19 lockdown phases: AQI, PM2.5 and NO2 assessment in cities with more than 1 million inhabitants

Benchrif

Wheida

Tahri

et al. 2021

Sustainable Cities and Society

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“…It is assumed that this value ranges from 0.0005 to 0.005 ng•dm -3 . Excessive levels of the natural cobalt air content are found only over urbanized areas (Albayrak and Mor, 2011;Canepari et al, 2014;Dos Anjos-Paulino et al, 2014). This relationship is presented in Table 2 which provides the contents of cobalt in the air in certain parts of the world.…”

Section: Sources and Forms Of Cobalt Presence In The Environmentmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of Cobalt on the Environment and Living Organisms - A Review

Kosiorek¹

2019

Appl. Ecol. Env. Res.

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This literature review presents a summary of papers related to the determination of the sources of cobalt compound presence in the environment and the resulting pollution of water and land. Their properties, determining their toxicity to living organisms, have been specified, with sections devoted to their effect on microorganisms and plants. The influence (negative and positive) of cobalt on living organisms in water and soil environments, including the biological balance of the soil (the number of microorganisms, enzymatic activity) and plant growth and development, and the possibilities of their use in the phyto-and bioremediation of areas polluted with cobalt have been described. Particular emphasis has been placed on the presentation of the effect of cobalt on animals and man.

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“…Given the known relationship between certain heavy metals and their ability to initiate oxidative stress [ 37 ], many laboratories have sought to elucidate whether the metal content of PM has a role in exacerbating PM-related cardiovascular diseases. As an example, studies have shown elevations in ischemic heart disease in trucking industry workers exposed chronically to particulate emissions [ 38 ], and PM emitted from diesel engines is associated with a wide range of heavy metals [ 39 , 40 ]. Moreover, these exposures were associated with elevated plasma biomarkers for oxidative stress and inflammation [ 41 ], suggesting that these factors may play a role in the biological mechanisms of action of these PM.…”

Section: Epidemiological Studies Of Hazardous Waste Incineration Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing Emerging Risks: Scientific and Regulatory Challenges Associated with Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals

Dugas¹,

Lomnicki

Cormier

et al. 2016

IJERPH

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Airborne fine and ultrafine particulate matter (PM) are often generated through widely-used thermal processes such as the combustion of fuels or the thermal decomposition of waste. Residents near Superfund sites are exposed to PM through the inhalation of windblown dust, ingestion of soil and sediments, and inhalation of emissions from the on-site thermal treatment of contaminated soils. Epidemiological evidence supports a link between exposure to airborne PM and an increased risk of cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. It is well-known that during combustion processes, incomplete combustion can lead to the production of organic pollutants that can adsorb to the surface of PM. Recent studies have demonstrated that their interaction with metal centers can lead to the generation of a surface stabilized metal-radical complex capable of redox cycling to produce ROS. Moreover, these free radicals can persist in the environment, hence their designation as Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals (EPFR). EPFR has been demonstrated in both ambient air PM2.5 (diameter < 2.5 µm) and in PM from a variety of combustion sources. Thus, low-temperature, thermal treatment of soils can potentially increase the concentration of EPFR in areas in and around Superfund sites. In this review, we will outline the evidence to date supporting EPFR formation and its environmental significance. Furthermore, we will address the lack of methodologies for specifically addressing its risk assessment and challenges associated with regulating this new, emerging contaminant.

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Trace Metals in PM10 and PM2.5 Samples Collected in a Highly Industrialized Chemical/Petrochemical Area and Its Urbanized Surroundings

Cited by 17 publications

References 12 publications

Air quality during three covid-19 lockdown phases: AQI, PM2.5 and NO2 assessment in cities with more than 1 million inhabitants

Air quality during three covid-19 lockdown phases: AQI, PM2.5 and NO2 assessment in cities with more than 1 million inhabitants

Effect of Cobalt on the Environment and Living Organisms - A Review

Addressing Emerging Risks: Scientific and Regulatory Challenges Associated with Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals

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