Trace metals in deep ocean waters: A review

Aparicio‐González, Alberto; Duarte, Carlos M.; Tovar-Sánchez, Antonio

doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2012.03.008

Cited by 33 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Such plankton blooms regularly occur in response to upwelling of deep water, which is primarily driven by mesoscale variability (e.g., eddies) and results in transport of nutrient-rich water masses from several hundreds of meters depth to the (usually) nutrient-poor surface layer (Arístegui et al, 1997;Basterretxea and Arístegui, 2000). Besides inorganic nutrients, oceanic deep water masses usually exhibit distinct signatures of minor constituents such as dissolved organic matter and trace metals, elevated pCO 2 , or seeding populations of plankton species (Pitcher, 1990;Hansell et al, 2009;Aparicio-Gonzalez et al, 2012;Tagliabue et al, 2014). All of these factors may have minor or major influences on the ecosystem in the surface layer, which go beyond the effects of the major nutrients N, P, and Si.…”

Section: Simulated Upwelling Through Addition Of Deep Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Ocean Acidification and Deep Water Upwelling on Oligotrophic Plankton Communities in the Subtropical North Atlantic: Insights from an In situ Mesocosm Study

et al. 2017

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Oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) causes pronounced shifts in marine carbonate chemistry and a decrease in seawater pH. Increasing evidence indicates that these changes-summarized by the term ocean acidification (OA)-can significantly affect marine food webs and biogeochemical cycles. However, current scientific knowledge is largely based on laboratory experiments with single species and artificial boundary conditions, whereas studies of natural plankton communities are still relatively rare. Moreover, the few existing community-level studies were mostly conducted in rather eutrophic environments, while less attention has been paid to oligotrophic systems such as the subtropical ocean gyres. Here we report from a recent in situ mesocosm experiment off the coast of Gran Canaria in the eastern subtropical North Atlantic, where we investigated the influence of OA on the ecology and biogeochemistry of plankton communities in oligotrophic waters under close-to-natural conditions. This paper is the first in this Research Topic of Frontiers in Marine Biogeochemistry and provides (1) a detailed overview of the experimental design and important events during our mesocosm campaign, and (2) first insights into the ecological responses of plankton communities to simulated OA over the course of the 62-day experiment. One particular scientific objective of our mesocosm experiment was to investigate how OA impacts might differ between oligotrophic conditions and phases of high biological productivity, which regularly occur in response to upwelling of nutrient-rich deep water in the study region. Therefore, we specifically developed a deep water collection system that allowed us to obtain ∼85 m 3 of seawater from ∼650 m depth. Thereby, we replaced ∼20% Taucher et al.Plankton Responses to Upwelling and CO 2 of each mesocosm's volume with deep water and successfully simulated a deep water upwelling event that induced a pronounced plankton bloom. Our study revealed significant effects of OA on the entire food web, leading to a restructuring of plankton communities that emerged during the oligotrophic phase, and was further amplified during the bloom that developed in response to deep water addition. Such CO 2 -related shifts in plankton community composition could have consequences for ecosystem productivity, biomass transfer to higher trophic levels, and biogeochemical element cycling of oligotrophic ocean regions.

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Section: Simulated Upwelling Through Addition Of Deep Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Ocean Acidification and Deep Water Upwelling on Oligotrophic Plankton Communities in the Subtropical North Atlantic: Insights from an In situ Mesocosm Study

et al. 2017

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“…The first batch of credible trace metal data from the open ocean was reported in the late 1970s and early 1980s, following the development of trace metal clean sampling and analytical protocols [ Boyle et al ., ; Bruland et al ., ; Bruland , ]. The bulk of the data was from papers published the 1980s and 1990s; however, because of sampling and analytical difficulties, trace metal data from large areas of the ocean, especially from deep waters, were still limited [ Aparicio‐Gonzalez et al ., ]. About 10 years ago, the international GEOTRACES study, which examines global biogeochemical cycles of trace elements and isotopes (TEIs), began to identify processes and quantify fluxes that control the distribution of key TEIs in the ocean, and to establish the sensitivity of this distribution to changing environmental conditions (http://www.geostraces.org).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissolved trace metal (Cu, Cd, Co, Ni, and Ag) distribution and Cu speciation in the southern Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea, China

Wang

Liu

et al. 2017

J. Geophys. Res. Oceans

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Trace metals play an important role in biogeochemical cycling in ocean systems. However, because the use of trace metal clean sampling and analytical techniques has been limited in coastal China, there are few accurate trace metal data for that region. This work studied spatial distribution of selected dissolved trace metals (Ag, Cu, Co, Cd, and Ni) and Cu speciation in the southern Yellow Sea (SYS) and Bohai Sea (BS). In general, the average metal (Cu, Co, Cd, and Ni) concentrations found in the SYS were lower by a factor of two than those in BS, and they are comparable to dissolved trace metal concentrations in coastal seawater of the United States and Europe. Possible sources and sinks and physical and biological processes that influenced the distribution of these trace metals in the study region were further examined. Close relationships were found between the trace metal spatial distribution with local freshwater discharge and processes such as sediment resuspension and biological uptake. Ag, owing to its extremely low concentrations, exhibited a unique distribution pattern that magnified the influences from the physical and biological processes. Cu speciation in the water column showed that, in the study region, Cu was strongly complexed with organic ligands and concentrations of free cupric ion were in the range of 10−12.6–10−13.2 mol L−1. The distribution of Cu‐complexing ligand, indicated by values of the side reaction coefficient α′, was similar to the Chl a distribution, suggesting that in situ biota production may be one main source of Cu‐complexing organic ligand.

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“…It has been reported that metals are enriched in the SML mainly from atmospheric deposition and from rising bubbles, and can be influenced by organic matter concentrations, pH, and salinity, among other factors (Liss and Duce, 1997;Wurl and Obbard, 2004). While water-column trace metal concentrations, distributions and bioavailability in open ocean waters have been reported (e.g., Millero, 2006;Aparicio-González et al, 2012) SML studies are very limited and almost nonexistent for open ocean environments (Wurl and Obbard, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial gradients in trace metal concentrations in the surface microlayer of the Mediterranean Sea

et al. 2014

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The relationship between dust deposition and surface water metal concentrations is poorly understood. Dissolution, solubility, and partitioning reactions of trace metals from dust particles are governed by complex chemical, biological, and physical processes occurring in the surface ocean. Despite that, the role of the sea surface microlayer (SML), a thin, but fundamental component modulating the air-sea exchange of materials has not been properly evaluated. Our study revealed that the SML of the Mediterranean Sea is enriched with bioactive trace metals (i.e., Cd, Co, Cu, and Fe), ranging from 8 (for Cd) to 1000 (for Fe) times higher than the dissolved metal pool in the underlying water column. The highest enrichments were spatially correlated with the atmospheric deposition of mineral particles. Our mass balance results suggest that the SML in the Mediterranean Sea contains about 2 tons of Fe. However, we did not detect any trends between the concentrations of metals in SML with the subsurface water concentrations and biomass distributions. These findings suggest that future studies are needed to quantify the rate of metal exchange between the SML and the bioavailable pool and that the SML should be considered to better understand the effect of atmospheric inputs on the biogeochemistry of trace metals in the ocean.

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Trace metals in deep ocean waters: A review

Cited by 33 publications

References 36 publications

Influence of Ocean Acidification and Deep Water Upwelling on Oligotrophic Plankton Communities in the Subtropical North Atlantic: Insights from an In situ Mesocosm Study

Influence of Ocean Acidification and Deep Water Upwelling on Oligotrophic Plankton Communities in the Subtropical North Atlantic: Insights from an In situ Mesocosm Study

Dissolved trace metal (Cu, Cd, Co, Ni, and Ag) distribution and Cu speciation in the southern Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea, China

Spatial gradients in trace metal concentrations in the surface microlayer of the Mediterranean Sea

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