Trace metal emissions from co-combustion of refuse derived and packaging derived fuels in a circulating fluidized bed boiler

Manninen, Helena; Perkiö, Annikki; Palonena, Juha; Peltola, Karl; Ruuskanen, Juhanl

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(96)00146-4

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This can be attributed to the addition of limestone for SO 2 emission control, which may alter particulate emissions as well. 13,14 A similar trend is observed for the fly ash particles collected in the cyclone system. Moreover, low concentrations of the metal elements natural wood in the fuel blend brought about a slight improvement of the combustion efficiency.…”

Section: Emissionssupporting

confidence: 61%

“…The total concentrations of heavy metals (in the gas phase and in the fine particles) in the flue gases, measured after the multicyclone system, are given in Figure 9. (Figure 10) are attributed to its high volatility (Class II element) 15 and its tendency to be adsorbed on the surface of fine particles 13,14 that passed through the multicyclone system. This is further evident by the distribution of heavy metals in the gas phase and in the particles, which are given in Figures 11 and 12, respectively.…”

Section: Heavy Metals In Flue Gases and In Solidmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal Exploitation of Wastes with Lignite for Energy Production

Grammelis

Kakaras

Skodras

2003

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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The thermal exploitation of wastewood with Greek lignite was investigated by performing tests in a laboratory-scale fluidized bed reactor, a 1-MW th semi-industrial circulating fluidized bed combustor, and an industrial boiler. Blends of natural wood, demolition wood, railroad sleepers, medium-density fiberboard residues, and power poles with lignite were used, and the co-combustion efficiency and the effect of wastewood addition on the emitted pollutants were investigated. Carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and oxides of nitrogen emissions were continuously monitored, and, during the industrial-scale tests, the toxic emissions (polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans and heavy metals) were determined. Ash samples were analyzed for heavy metals in an inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy spectrophotometer.Problems were observed during the preparation of wastewood, because species embedded with different compounds, such as railway sleepers and demolition wood, were not easily treated. All wastewood blends were proven good fuels; co-combustion proceeded smoothly and homogeneous temperature and pressure profiles were obtained. Although some fluctuations were observed, low emissions of gaseous pollutants were obtained for all fuel blends. The metal element emissions (in the flue gases and the solid residues) were lower than the legislative limits. Therefore, wastewood co-combustion with lignite can be realized, provided that the fuel handling and preparation can be practically performed in large-scale installations.

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Section: Emissionssupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Heavy Metals In Flue Gases and In Solidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Exploitation of Wastes with Lignite for Energy Production

Grammelis

Kakaras

Skodras

2003

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…The analysis of the leachates, conducted according to the TCLP leaching test previously described, along with the US EPA maximum contaminant levels are presented in Table II. If an EPA limit has not been established, a value that is 100 times greater than the drinking water maximum has been used (Manninen et al, 1996). Only olive kernel's fly ash (FA4) leachate exceeds the EPA limit for Ni (5.2 mg/L) and should be considered as hazardous waste, which means that proper treatment is necessary prior to landfill and disposal.…”

Section: Chemical Analysis Of the Leachatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaching and toxicity behavior of coal–biomass waste cocombustion ashes

Skodras

Prokopidou

Sakellaropoulos

2006

Environmental Toxicology

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Land disposal of ash residues, obtained from the cocombustion of Greek lignite with biomass wastes, is known to create problems due to the harmful constituents present. In this regard, the leachability of trace elements from lignite, biomass, and blends cocombustion ashes was investigated by using the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) of the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). In this work, the toxicity of the aqueous leachates and the concentrations of the metals obtained from the leaching procedure were measured using the Microtox test (Vibrio fischeri) and inductive coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES), respectively. The toxic effects of most leachates on Vibrio fischeri were found to be significantly low in both 45% and 82% screening test protocols. However, the liquid sample originating from olive kernels fly ash (FA4) caused the highest toxic effect in both protocols, which can be attributed to its relatively high concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Zn.

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“…Humans participate in activities producing a quantity and mix of emissions from different sources (power production, industrial and metallurgical production, traffic, etc.). From these, the main means of input into soil is via atmospheric deposition [2,15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of the Spatial Distribution of Risk Metals in Topsoil from an Industrial Complex

Slavík¹,

Julinová²,

Labudíková³

2012

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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Abstract:For the sustainable development of urban areas, it is necessary to identify if environmental pollution exists and where hot spot pollution sources lie. In this study, 280 topsoil samples were collected from an industry estate in Zlin (the Czech Republic). In these samples, the presence of toxic metal was analyzed by energy dispersed X-Ray fluorescence (ED-XRF), and statistical analysis revealed that the major anthropogenic contaminants in the topsoil were Pb, Zn and Sn. Further contaminant analysis by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) determined the maximum contents of 28558.47 mg/kg for Pb, 1132.35 mg/kg for Sn and 2865.22 mg/kg for Zn in selected topsoil samples. According to soil pollution index results, the main proportion of topsoil is contaminated, with the possible sources of contamination being traffic and a nearby municipal heating plant. This study proves that the combination of preliminary ED-XRF topsoil analysis, a multivariative statistical approach, AAS analysis and the geographical information system (GIS) is effective and together form a powerful tool for mapping topsoil contamination and conducting an environmental risk assessment.

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Trace metal emissions from co-combustion of refuse derived and packaging derived fuels in a circulating fluidized bed boiler

Cited by 19 publications

References 23 publications

Thermal Exploitation of Wastes with Lignite for Energy Production

Thermal Exploitation of Wastes with Lignite for Energy Production

Leaching and toxicity behavior of coal–biomass waste cocombustion ashes

Screening of the Spatial Distribution of Risk Metals in Topsoil from an Industrial Complex

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