Trace Metal Distributions in Nickel Slag Cleaning

Hellstén, Niko; Taskinen, Pekka; Johto, Hannu

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-95022-8_30

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Based on the present observations on the iron-saturated iron silicate slags, the target should be to maintain the slag compositions higher than about 28 wt% SiO 2 by fluxing with silica. Also the residual concentration of lead from the iron residue is low in the silicate slag under those conditions [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Slag Cleaning Equilibria in Iron Silicate Slag–Copper Systems

Hellstén

Klemettinen

Sukhomlinov

et al. 2019

J. Sustain. Metall.

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In this study, the equilibrium distributions of selected trace elements between molten iron-saturated copper alloy and selected iron silicate slags were measured, and the effects of silica fluxing on them. In addition to the copper and iron main components of the system, trace elements like antimony, gallium, germanium, gold, indium, and silver were added in experiments that spanned the temperature range of 1473-1573 K (1200-1300 °C). Experimental charges were quenched and prepared in polished mounts. In situ analyses of the resulting phases were made directly on the mounts without the need of phase separation prior to analysis. Electron probe X-ray microanalysis was used for concentrations at or above approximately 100 ppmw, and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry for the lower concentrations in the slags. The very low slag concentrations of germanium, antimony, and indium obtained indicate that these elements can be removed from the slag by reduction, whereas gallium concentrations in the slag were high. Consequently, gallium removal from iron residues, such as zinc smelting jarosite, is difficult without volatilization. Based on the present observations, the industrial reduction processes for the treatment of smelting and refining slags as well as for the processing of iron residues, and extracting the reducible metal oxides and their metal values can be optimized. The target in fluxing should be to maintain the slag compositions with a silica concentration higher than about 28 wt%.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The equilibration experiments were conducted in a vertical tube furnace under N 2 (purity ≥ 99.999 vol%; Aga-Linde, Finland) atmosphere using a similar setup and method as described earlier [23]. The semisealed ampoule containing the sample was introduced into the furnace work tube from its lower end and suspended there with a 0.5 mm Pt-wire.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slag Cleaning Equilibria in Iron Silicate Slag–Copper Systems

Hellstén

Klemettinen

Sukhomlinov

et al. 2019

J. Sustain. Metall.

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“…Hellstén et al [31] studied the distribution of Ag, Au, Sb, and Pb between FeO x -K 2 O-MgO-SiO 2 slag and a liquid Cu-Fe-Ni alloy and the tendency of the trace elements to volatilize in nickel slag cleaning conditions. According to the results, the trace elements are preferably recovered in the metal alloy in conditions close to the end-point of slag cleaning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Battery Scrap Recycling and Nickel Slag Cleaning with Methane Reduction

et al. 2020

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Innovative recycling routes are needed to fulfill the increasing demand for battery raw materials to ensure sufficiency in the future. The integration of battery scrap recycling and nickel slag cleaning by reduction with methane was experimentally researched for the first time in this study. Industrial nickel slag from the direct Outotec nickel flash smelting (DON) process was mixed with both synthetic and industrial battery scrap. The end products of the slag-scrap mixtures after reduction at 1400 °C in a CH4 (5 vol %)-N2 atmosphere were an Ni–Co–Cu–Fe metal alloy and FeOx–SiO2 slag. It was noted that a higher initial amount of cobalt in the feed mixture increased the recovery of cobalt to the metal alloy. Increasing the reduction time decreased the fraction of sulfur in the metal alloy and magnetite in the slag. After reduction, manganese was deported in the slag and most of the zinc volatilized. This study confirmed the possibility of replacing coke with methane as a non-fossil reductant in nickel slag cleaning on a laboratory scale, and the recovery of battery metals cobalt and nickel in the slag cleaning process with good yields.

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“…The deportment of trace elements between nickel-copper-iron matte and iron silicate slag was investigated experimentally by Font et al [11] Recently, fundamentals of trace element partitioning in the DON smelting conditions, including operation conditions of FSF [17,18] and EF [19,20] have been investigated experimentally.…”

Section: Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of MgO and K2O on Slag-Nickel Matte Equilibria

Sukhomlinov

Virtanen

Latostenmaa³

et al. 2019

J. Phase Equilib. Diffus.

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Slag chemistry of the direct nickel matte smelting was studied in typical industrial high-grade nickel matte smelting conditions at 1400°C and 0.1 atm p SO2. The experimental technique used involved equilibration, quenching and direct elemental phase composition analysis by Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis. Magnesia and potassia, a typical gangue constituent of sulfidic nickel concentrates and a common impurity of industrial grade silica flux (sand), respectively, were adopted as slag modifiers in concentrations typical to industrial operations. Their effects on oxidation degree of the nickel-copper-iron matte and equilibrium concentrations of Ni and Cu in the slag were studied as a function of oxygen partial pressure. Solubility of silica in the slag increased significantly with additions of MgO and K 2 O in the constrained case studied, at silica saturation. Equilibrium concentrations of Ni and Cu in the slag containing MgO and K 2 O were about a quarter lower compared to the pure iron silicate slag, in the entire oxygen partial pressure range studied.

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Trace Metal Distributions in Nickel Slag Cleaning

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

Slag Cleaning Equilibria in Iron Silicate Slag–Copper Systems

Slag Cleaning Equilibria in Iron Silicate Slag–Copper Systems

Integrated Battery Scrap Recycling and Nickel Slag Cleaning with Methane Reduction

Impact of MgO and K2O on Slag-Nickel Matte Equilibria

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