Trace Metal Contents in Muscle Tissues of Inland Fish Species in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka

Abstract

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) has recently shown a remarkable increase in some areas in the North Central Province (Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa districts), Sri Lanka. The consumption of fresh water fish contaminated with trace metals is considered as a possible causal factor for this. The concentration of mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and arsenic (As) in the muscle tissues of the five commonly consumed freshwater fish species, Oreochromis spp., Heteropneustes fossilis, Glossogobius giuris, Channa striata and Macrognathus aral were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). This study indicates that toxic metals' Hg, Cd and Pb were detected in very low concentration in muscle tissues and the recorded values were lower than the maximum permissible level (Hg< 0.5 mg/kg, Pb< 0.2 mg/kg and Cd< 0.05 mg/kg) established in Sri Lanka. The amount of fish that would fulfil the weekly protein requirement of an average child and adult was calculated according to the WHO guidelines. The calculated levels of contamination by Hg, Pb, Cd, As, Cu, Zn, Cr and Fe in the quantity of fish needed to fulfil the protein requirement was lower than the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) value established by WHO, EU and FAO and none of above guidelines not covered the level of Co.

Feathers of Little Egret (&lt;i&gt;Egretta garzetta&lt;/i&gt;) Fledglings as a Bio Monitoring Tool for Mercury, Arsenic, Cadmiumand Lead Pollution in Sri Lanka

“…According to the Indrajith, Pathiratne [53] the Cd concentration of two fish species, Etroplus suratensis(0.011 -0.027 ppm) and Ambassis commersoni (0.001-0.034 ppm) were detected from 12 sites ofNegombo estuary. The concentrations are exceeding the values of the present study.Jinadasa, Ariyarathne [54] was observed that Cd in inland fish species Orinoco Sailfin Catfish (Pterygoplichthy smultiradiatus) (Male: -0.005 and Female: -0.004 ppm) from two reservoirs Rambakenwewa and Mahaoya) of eastern province Sri Lanka, this values are much closer to present study.Also according to the Jinadasa, Subasinghe [55], the Cd concentration of Oreochromis spp (0.001 ppm) that collected from reservoirs of Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa districts Sri Lanka, was exceed the value of the present study. Also the value of present study was lower than the value of the Oreochromis spp (0.034 ppm) that was recorded by Jinadasa and Edirisinghe 2012.…”

“…There are many studies of Hg concentration of freshwater fish fauna in Sri Lanka. Jinadasa, Ariyarathne [54] observed that Hg in inland fish species Orinoco Sailfin Catfish (Pterygoplichthy smultiradiatus) (Male: -0.043 and Female: -0.044 ppm) from two reservoirs Rambakenwewa and Mahaoya) of eastern province Sri Lanka, this values are lower than present study.Also according to the Jinadasa, Subasinghe [55], the Hg concentration of Oreochromis spp (0.011 ppm) that collected from reservoirs of Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa districts Sri Lanka, was not exceed the value of the present study, however it was exceed the value of the Oreochromis spp (0.26 ppm) that was recorded by Jinadasa and Edirisinghe [56].…”

“…Jinadasa, Ariyarathne [54] were observed that Aresenic in inland fish species Orinoco Sailfin Catfish (Pterygoplichthy smultiradiatus) (<0.004 ppm) from two reservoirs Rambakenwewa and Mahaoya) of eastern province Sri Lanka, this values are lower than present study. According to the Jinadasa, Subasinghe [55], As was not detected of Oreochromis sppthat collected from reservoirs of Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa districts Sri Lanka, however Allinson, Nishikawa [57] and Allinson, Salzman [58] observed that As concentration of Oreochromis mossambicus (0.26 ppm) and Oreochromis niloticus (<0.90 ppm)respectively from reservoirs of south Sri Lanka.…”

Heavy metal contamination and accumulation in groundwater and food crops in Sri Lanka: a review

“…Inland fisheries of the island are mainly practiced in the NCP (Jinadasa et al, 2013). Study by Allinson et al (2009) found that Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Mercury (Hg), Manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) accumulation in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L and Oreochromis sp, the most abundance inland fish in Si Lanka), harvested from the freshwater reservoirs such as Kaudulla, Rajanganaya, and Udawalawe reservoirs in Mahaweli, Kala Oya, and Walawe Ganga river basins, respectively.…”

“…However, Allinson et al (2009) further indicated that excess intake of such flesh could lead to health risk to the consumers. Jinadasa et al (2013) highlighted that by consuming contaminated fishes, especially Oreochromis sp. may lead to the incidence of CKDu.…”