Trace-metal analysis with separation methods

A compact and high-performance setup of capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE-C4D)

“…There are several articles on the fundamental principles [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] of C 4 D and many reviews about the applications [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] of CE-C 4 D; Kubáň and Hauser have compiled a series of bi-yearly reviews on the developments of C 4 D dating back to 2009. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] It has been proven that CE-C 4 D is a universal detection method for charged species and a powerful separation technique with high throughput, [30][31][32] short analysis time, [33][34][35] low sample consumption 19,36 and cost-effectiveness. 37-39 C 4 D is basically an electronic circuit, a feature that is beneficial for portable or miniature applications; the micro-CE-C 4 D is a more approachable alternative for routine water quality analysis and on-site analysis.…”

“…eDAQ, TraceDec and Admet) can be installed in instruments, including CE devices from different manufacturers. 27 In addition, some compact versions of the C 4 D cell, 26 even those that integrate an oscillator, detection cell, and detection circuitry on a printed circuit board (PCB), [42][43][44][45][46][47] have been reported.…”

Recent trends in CE of inorganic ions: From individual to multiple elemental species analysis

“…The CCD mode was also the subject of a review paper by Kubaň and Hauser [19], in which they gave an updated insight into this growing in importance detection method, both in conventional and microchip CE (see also below). In a more recent paper, they have briefly discussed current developments in trace-metal analysis by CE and compared the sensitivity potential of different detection techniques [14]. Recent success in combining CE with online chemiluminescence detection for the determination of trace metals was highlighted by Tsukagoshi [22] and Huang and Ren [23].…”

An evaluation of the experimental approaches to detection of small ions in CE

“…Detection techniques used in CE analysis of trace metals are contained in ref. [22], those for lanthanoids and actinoids in ref. [23].…”