Trace Metal Analysis of Chromium and Nickel in Lung Tissue Fixed and Stored in Formalin

Seemann, J.; Wittig, Peter; Kollmeier, H.; Müller, Klaus‐Michael; Schejbal, V.

doi:10.1016/s0344-0338(11)81030-7

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Seemann et al [5] studied Cr and Ni in lung tissue fixed and stored in formalin and reported negligible leaching of the two metals to the formalin in which they were conserved. Our results are consistent with this ( Table 1), indicating that Cr and Ni are probably generally strongly bound in tissue.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leaching of Trace Elements from Biological Tissue by Formalin Fixation

Gellein

Flaten

Erikson

et al. 2007

Biol Trace Elem Res

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In studies of trace elements in biological tissue, it is imperative that sample handling does not substantially change element concentrations. In many cases, fresh tissue is not available for study, but formalin-fixed tissue is. Formalin fixation has the potential to leach elements from the tissue, but few studies have been published in this area. The concentrations of 19 elements were determined by high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in formalin in which human and rat brain samples had been stored for different time durations ranging from weeks up to several years. Additional analysis was carried out in fixed brain samples. There was substantial leaching of elements from the tissue into the formalin, and the leaching varied considerably between different elements. For example, formalin concentrations of As, Cd, Mg, Rb, and Sb increased more than 100-fold upon long-term (years) storage, while for Ni and Cr, the leaching was negligible. The degree of leaching was strongly time-dependent. In conclusion, formalin fixation and storage of biological tissue has the potential to leach substantial fractions of several trace elements from the tissue. The potential of leaching must be critically considered when using formalin-fixed biological tissue in trace metal analysis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, there have been few systematic studies of the effects of formalin fixation on trace element concentrations in human tissue [2][3][4][5], and most of these have determined only one or two elements [3][4][5]. In general, few dramatic differences between fresh and formalin-fixed tissue concentrations were reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaching of Trace Elements from Biological Tissue by Formalin Fixation

Gellein

Flaten

Erikson

et al. 2007

Biol Trace Elem Res

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“…Leaching appeared to be unrelated to metal concentration in tissue; As, Cd, Mg, Rb and Sb all showed a 100-times increase in concentration in aged fixative when compared with fresh formalin, whereas Cr and Ni displayed negligible changes in formalin concentration over the same period; a trend also observed in metal leaching from lung tissue specimens. 104 Long-term storage was also investigated by Bush et al, 105 who found that when investigating a range of essential metals in several organs only Al and Mn concentrations significantly varied before and after fixation. Schrag et al 106 recently reported that Fe and Zn concentrations in archived, formalin-fixed samples of middle temporal gyrus decreased by 40% and 77%, respectively, whilst Cu concentrations increased by 37% when compared to frozen sections taken from the same case.…”

Section: Quantification and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification strategies for elemental imaging of biological samples using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry

Hare

Austin

Doble

2012

Analyst

155

117

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This review provides analysts with critical insights of current approaches for quantification by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry in the field of elemental imaging. This encompasses both calibration strategies that have been used with success in imaging biological samples, as well as those with potential to improve analytical accuracy and precision if applied to imaging. Methods reviewed include the use of CRMs, laboratory prepared matrix matched standards, internal standardisation, online standard addition and a variety of novel approaches that makes elemental imaging accessible to a wider base of analysts. The importance of quantification and factors affecting its use in imaging will also be considered.

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“…Using ICP-MS, Gellein et al have demonstrated that leaching of most elements, such as Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Hg, from biological tissue occurs, although the most significant changes are largely associated with long-term storage. Leaching of trace Cr and Ni from tissues stored in formalin, however, was minimal. , …”

Section: Experimental Methods and Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 92%