Trace-Level Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Dairy Products Available in Spanish Supermarkets by Semi-Automated Solid-Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Detection

Colón, Laura Palacios; Rascón, Andrés J.; Ballesteros, Evaristo

doi:10.3390/foods11050713

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The situation is different in the case of lamb sausages Table 4. [32,33,34]. It is the result of contamination of soil, air, water, accumulation of PAHs in plants used as animal feed and the deposition of these compounds in muscles and presence in milk.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional smoking of wallachian cheeses and could cuts in Polish and Slovak parts of the Carpathian Mountains

Migdał

Marcinčák

Walczycka

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Wallachian expansion brought to the Carpathian Mountains a system of shepherd economy - farming, production of Wallachian cheeses, animals adapted to life in difficult mountain conditions - mainly sheep of the Cakiel breed group. Mountain sheep's milk is used to produce traditional cheeses: bundz, bryndza podhalańska, oscypek, redykołka - on the Polish side and Slovenská bryndza, Slovenská parenica, Slovenský oštiepok, Ovčí hrudkový syr salašnícky - on the Slovak side. From sheep meat are made sausages. These cheeses and sausages are salted and then traditionally smoked with warm smoke. The source of heat and smoke is hard wood with appropriate humidity, burned in the hearth located in the shepherd's hut, over which the cheeses are placed under the roof. Among several hundred smoke components, there are also polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which, on the one hand, give the smoked product its taste and aroma, and on the other hand have carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. Sausages and cheeses from Poland and Slovakia, made from milk and meat of native sheep breeds, preserved by traditional smoking, were analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons content. The analyzed cheeses were characterized by a trace or low content of benzo[a]pyrene and the sum of benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(b)fluoranthene and chrysene. In cheeses from outer Eastern Carpathians subprovince (Bieszczady) the high content of naphthalene, acenaphthylene, fluorene and phenanthrene is noteworthy. Polish lamb sausages were characterized by a higher content of benzo(a)pyrene and the sum of benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(b)fluoranthene and chrysene. The differences result from the method of smoking (warm or cold in the south of the Carpathians - hot in the north) and the type of wood used for smoking.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional smoking of wallachian cheeses and could cuts in Polish and Slovak parts of the Carpathian Mountains

Migdał

Marcinčák

Walczycka

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Regarding the consumption of food-derived xenobiotics, the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Potential Carcinogen Database was the main data source for the content of heterocyclic amines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitrates, and nitrites per g of food [ 44 ]. When necessary, missing information was completed by additional sources such as the Computerized Heterocyclic Amines Resource for Research in Epidemiology of Disease (CHARRED) database [ 45 ], the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) data [ 46 ], the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) composition tables [ 47 ] and others [ 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact on Fecal Microbiota and Health-Related Markers of an Intervention Focused on Improving Eating Behavior in People at Risk of Food Insecurity

et al. 2023

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Non-communicable diseases are particularly prevalent among low-income individuals and are associated with the consumption of processed foods, fat, and sugars. This work aims to evaluate the impacts of a nutrition education intervention for low socio-economic individuals on sensory perception, health-related parameters and gut microbiota. Twenty low-income adults underwent a 4-week intervention. Dietary information (three 24 h recalls), detection thresholds and discrimination scores (salty and sweet), and severity of depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II)) were collected. Fecal microbial composition and short chain fatty acids were determined by 16S ribosomal RNA-gene sequencing and gas chromatography, respectively. After the intervention, 35% of subjects presented higher compliance with dietary recommendations, increased consumption of vegetables and lignans and reduced consumption of processed meats and nitrosamines, together with depleted levels of Actinomycetota. Higher discrimination for salty and sweet and lower BDI-II scores were also obtained. This nutrition education intervention entailed changes in dietary intake towards healthier food options, reduced potentially carcinogenic compounds and improved scores for discrimination and severity of depressive symptoms. The confirmation of these results in future studies would enable the design of strategic policies contributing to the optimal nutrition of materially deprived families through affordable healthy plant-based interventions.

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“…HA and B(a)P information was completed with the Computerized Heterocyclic Amines Resource for Research in Epidemiology of Disease (CHARRED) [ 34 ], whereas in the case of nitrates European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) information was used [ 35 ]. Acrylamide content was provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) composition tables [ 36 ] and other external reference sources were used for acrylamide [ 37 , 38 , 39 ], HAs [ 40 ], total PAHs [ 41 ], and nitrosamines [ 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Xenobiotics Derived from Food Processing: Association with Fecal Mutagenicity and Gut Mucosal Damage

et al. 2022

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Whereas the mechanisms underlying the association of toxic dietary xenobiotics and cancer risk are not well established, it is plausible that dietary pattern may affect the colon environment by enhancing or reducing exposure to mutagens. This work aimed to investigate the association between xenobiotics intake and different stages of intestinal mucosal damage and colorectal cancer (CRC) screening and examine whether these associations may be mediated by altered intestinal mutagenicity. This was a case control study with 37 control subjects, 49 patients diagnosed with intestinal polyps, and 7 diagnosed with CRC. Lifestyle, dietary, and clinical information was registered after colonoscopy. For xenobiotics intake estimation the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC) and the Computerized Heterocyclic Amines Resource for Research in Epidemiology of Disease (CHARRED) databases were used. The mutagenicity of fecal supernatants was assayed by the Ames test and light microscopy was used for the presence of aberrant crypt formation. Among all the potential carcinogens studied, the polyp group showed higher intakes of ethanol and dibenzo (a) anthracene (DiB(a)A). Besides, intakes between 0.75 and 1.29 µg/d of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were related with a higher risk of belonging to the polyp group. On the contrary, an intake of wholegrain cereals greater than 50 g/d was associated with a reduction in the relative risk of belonging to the polyp group. Heterocyclic amines (HAs) such as 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo (4,5,b) pyridine (PhIP) were associated with an increased level of mutagenicity in polyps. This study is of great interest for the identification of possible therapeutic targets for the early prevention of colon cancer through diet.

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Trace-Level Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Dairy Products Available in Spanish Supermarkets by Semi-Automated Solid-Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Detection

Cited by 12 publications

References 31 publications

Traditional smoking of wallachian cheeses and could cuts in Polish and Slovak parts of the Carpathian Mountains

Traditional smoking of wallachian cheeses and could cuts in Polish and Slovak parts of the Carpathian Mountains

Impact on Fecal Microbiota and Health-Related Markers of an Intervention Focused on Improving Eating Behavior in People at Risk of Food Insecurity

Dietary Xenobiotics Derived from Food Processing: Association with Fecal Mutagenicity and Gut Mucosal Damage

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