Trace-level beryllium analysis in the laboratory and in the field: state of the art, challenges and opportunities

Brisson, Michael J.; Ashley, Kevin; Stefaniak, Aleksandr B.; Ekechukwu, A.A.; Creek, K.

doi:10.1039/b601469k

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Exposure levels that are low, but sufficient to induce sensitization or elicit responses upon subsequent challenge, can be technically challenging to quantify, and may require highly sensitive methodologies [5,8]. Opportunities for skin exposure may persist after airborne exposure is gone, for example from residual dust particles (beryllium) or polyurethane that is not fully cured and contains residual free NCO [6 ,7 ].…”

Section: Challenges To Investigating Skin Exposuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung/skin connections in occupational lung disease

Redlich

Herrick

2008

Current Opinion in Allergy &Amp; Clinical Immunology

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Section: Challenges To Investigating Skin Exposuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung/skin connections in occupational lung disease

Redlich

Herrick

2008

Current Opinion in Allergy &Amp; Clinical Immunology

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“…(15) Dilute ammonium bifluoride (ABF, 1-3% m/m) solutions effectively dissolves beryllium metal, beryllium sulfate, and "high-fired" beryllium oxide. (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16) However, minimal performance data have been presented as to the effects of extraction and sample conditions on the recoveries of these Be extractions for particles with primary sizes (in terms of aerodynamic diameter) greater than ∼10 µm. The effect of BeO particle size on the effectiveness of extraction with dilute ABF has been questioned.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of Beryllium from Refractory Beryllium Oxide with Dilute Ammonium Bifluoride and Determination by Fluorescence: A Multiparameter Performance Evaluation

Goldcamp¹,

Goldcamp²,

Ashley³

et al. 2009

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

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Beryllium exposure can cause a number of deleterious health effects, including beryllium sensitization and the potentially fatal chronic beryllium disease. Efficient methods for monitoring beryllium contamination in workplaces are valuable to help prevent dangerous exposures to this element. In this work, performance data on the extraction of beryllium from various size fractions of high-fired beryllium oxide (BeO) particles (from < 32 microm up to 212 microm) using dilute aqueous ammonium bifluoride (ABF) solution were obtained under various conditions. Beryllium concentrations were determined by fluorescence using a hydroxybenzoquinoline fluorophore. The effects of ABF concentration and volume, extraction temperature, sample tube types, and presence of filter or wipe media were examined. Three percent ABF extracts beryllium nearly twice as quickly as 1% ABF; extraction solution volume has minimal influence. Elevated temperatures increase the rate of extraction dramatically compared with room temperature extraction. Sample tubes with constricted tips yield poor extraction rates owing to the inability of the extraction medium to access the undissolved particles. The relative rates of extraction of Be from BeO of varying particle sizes were examined. Beryllium from BeO particles in fractions ranging from less than 32 microm up to 212 microm were subjected to various extraction schemes. The smallest BeO particles are extracted more quickly than the largest particles, although at 90 degrees C even the largest BeO particles reach nearly quantitative extraction within 4 hr in 3% ABF. Extraction from mixed cellulosic-ester filters, cellulosic surface-sampling filters, wetted cellulosic dust wipes, and cotton gloves yielded 90% or greater recoveries. Scanning electron microscopy of BeO particles, including partially dissolved particles, shows that dissolution in dilute ABF occurs not just on the exterior surface but also via accessing particles' interiors due to porosity of the BeO material. Comparison of dissolution kinetics data shows that as particle diameter approximately doubles, extraction time is increased by a factor of about 1.5, which is consistent with the influence of porosity on dissolution.

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“…Approximately 84 metric tons of beryllium products were consumed in the United States market in 2005, with electrical components, aerospace and defense applications accounting for an estimated 80% of that total. [1][2][3][4] In contrast to the benefits of beryllium and its compounds, there are health hazards and risks associated with its use. According to the Environmental Protection Agency the main pathway beryllium enters the human body is inhalation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanopillar Based Enhanced-Fluorescence Detection of Surface-Immobilized Beryllium

et al. 2015

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The unique properties associated with beryllium metal ensures the continued use in many industries despite the documented health and environmental risks. While engineered safeguards and personal protective equipment can reduce risks associated with working with the metal, it has been mandated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) that the workplace air and surfaces must be monitored for toxic levels. While many methods have been developed to monitor levels down to the low μg/m(3), the complexity and expense of these methods have driven the investigation into alternate methodologies. Herein, we use a combination of the previously developed fluorescence Be(II) ion detection reagent, 10-hydroxybenzo[h]quinoline (HBQ), with an optical field enhanced silicon nanopillar array, creating a new surface immobilized (si-HBQ) platform. The si-HBQ platform allows the positive control of the reagent for demonstrated reusability and a pillar diameter based tunable enhancement. Furthermore, native silicon nanopillars are overcoated with thin layers of porous silicon oxide to develop an analytical platform capable of a 0.0006 μg/L limit of detection (LOD) using sub-μL sample volumes. Additionally, we demonstrate a method to multiplex the introduction of the sample to the platform, with minimal 5.2% relative standard deviation (RSD) at 0.1 μg/L, to accommodate the potentially large number of samples needed to maintain industrial compliance. The minimal sample and reagent volumes and lack of complex and highly specific instrumentation, as well as positive control and reusability of traditionally consumable reagents, create a platform that is accessible and economically advantageous.

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Trace-level beryllium analysis in the laboratory and in the field: state of the art, challenges and opportunities

Cited by 26 publications

References 32 publications

Lung/skin connections in occupational lung disease

Lung/skin connections in occupational lung disease

Extraction of Beryllium from Refractory Beryllium Oxide with Dilute Ammonium Bifluoride and Determination by Fluorescence: A Multiparameter Performance Evaluation

Nanopillar Based Enhanced-Fluorescence Detection of Surface-Immobilized Beryllium

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