Trace gas measurements in coastal Hong Kong during the PEM‐West B

Wang, Tao; Lam, Ka Se; Chan, L. Y.; Lee, A. S.Y.; Carroll, Mary K.

doi:10.1029/96jd03750

Cited by 31 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…The station was an integral part of the PEM-West, TRACE-P, and ACEAsia campaigns (Wang et al, 1997;Lam et al, 2001;Wang et al, 2003;Cohen et al, 2004), and has been involved in other intensive studies (see the website for a full list of publications). Figure 1 shows the location of the station in Hong Kong and the Pearl River Delta (PRD) of Guangdong Province.…”

Section: Study Site and Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Ozone is measured with a commercial UV photometric analyzer (Thermo Environment Instrument Inc. (TEI), Models 49, 49C, and 49i). Zero checks are performed every day by automatically injecting charcoal-scrubbed air (Wang et al, 1997;Lam et al, 2001). The ozone analyzer is calibrated by a UV photometric calibrator (TEI Model 49PS) approximately every six months.…”

Section: Study Site and Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CO is measured with a gas filter correlation, non-dispersive infrared absorption instrument (TEI Model 48 before March 2006 and Teledyne API Model 300 thereafter). The reader is referred to Wang et al (1997), Lam et al (2001), and for detailed descriptions of the two instruments. Both analyzers have an internal heated catalyst to convert CO to CO 2 while allowing other gases and water vapor to pass through.…”

Section: Study Site and Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increasing surface ozone concentrations in the background atmosphere of Southern China, 1994–2007

et al. 2009

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Abstract. Tropospheric ozone is of great importance with regard to air quality, atmospheric chemistry, and climate change. In this paper we report the first continuous record of surface ozone in the background atmosphere of South China. The data were obtained from 1994 to 2007 at a coastal site in Hong Kong, which is strongly influenced by the outflow of Asian continental air during the winter and the inflow of maritime air from the subtropics in the summer. Three methods are used to derive the rate of change in ozone. A linear fit to the 14-year record shows that the ozone concentration increased by 0.58 ppbv/yr, whereas comparing means in years

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Section: Study Site and Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Site and Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Site and Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increasing surface ozone concentrations in the background atmosphere of Southern China, 1994–2007

et al. 2009

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“…Emitted mainly by combustion sources and having relatively longer atmospheric lifetime, CO is also an ideal tracer for anthropogenic pollution, facilitating the interpretation of the concentrations of other pollutants (Parrish et al, 1993(Parrish et al, , 1998Wang et al, 1996Wang et al, , 1997Jaffe et al, 1997). NO x , however, has a very short lifetime and is mainly emitted through fossil fuel burning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of pollutants and their correlation to meteorological conditions at a suburban site in the North China Plain

et al. 2011

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Abstract. North China Plain (NCP) is one of the most densely populated regions in China and has experienced enormous economic growth in the past decades. Its regional trace gas pollution has also become one of the top environmental concerns in China. Measurements of surface trace gases, including O 3 , NO x , SO 2 and CO were carried out within the HaChi (Haze in China) project at Wuqing Meteorology Station, located between 2 mega-cities (Beijing and Tianjin) in the NCP, from 9 July 2009 to 21 January 2010. Detailed statistical analyses were made in order to provide information on the levels of the measured air pollutants and their characteristics. Gaseous air pollutant concentrations were also studied together with meteorological data and satellite data to help us better understand the causes of the observed variations in the trace gases during the field campaign. In comparison to measurements from other rural and background stations in the NCP, relatively high concentrations were detected in Wuqing, presumably due to regional mixing and transport of pollutants. Local meteorology had deterministic impacts on air pollution levels, which have to be accounted for when evaluating other effects on pollutant concentrations. Trace gas concentrations showed strong dependence on wind, providing information on regional pollution characteristics. O 3 mixing ratio also showed clear dependencies on temperature and relative humidity.

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“…Another objective of our study was to compare the recent observations during TRACE‐P to the data collected at the same site during PEM‐West B. Wang et al [1997] presented the measurements of O 3 , CO, SO 2 and NO y for late February to March 1994. Wang et al [2001a] reported the results of measurements obtained in autumn (October–November) 1997.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical characterization of the boundary layer outflow of air pollution to Hong Kong during February–April 2001

et al. 2003

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[1] As a cooperative effort with the TRACE-P and ACE-Asia intensive in the spring of 2001, trace gases and aerosols were measured at a relatively remote coastal site (Hok Tsui) in southeastern Hong Kong. The main objective of the measurement program was to provide continuous ground-based data in the subtropical region of eastern Asia and to characterize the southward outflow of continental pollution that prevails in the lower atmosphere during early spring. In this paper, we present the results for ozone, CO, NO, NO y , SO 2 , 222 Radon, methane and C 2 -C 8 nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), C 1 -C 2 halocarbons, and C 1 -C 5 alkyl nitrate measurements obtained between 19 February and 30 April 2001. The average mixing ratios of O 3 , CO, SO 2 , and NO y were 45 ppbv, 404 ppbv, 1.8 ppbv, and 10.4 ppbv, respectively. The two dominant NMHCs were ethane (mean: 2368 pptv) and ethyne (mean: 1402 pptv), followed by propane (814 pptv), toluene (540 pptv), benzene (492 pptv), ethene (498 pptv), and n-butane (326 pptv). The most abundant halocarbon was CH 3 Cl (mean: 821 pptv), while 2-BuONO 2 and i-PrONO 2 were the two dominant alkyl nitrates species with a mean mixing ratio of 20 pptv and 19 pptv, respectively. The levels of trace gases were strongly influenced by the outflow of continental air masses initiated by the passage of cold fronts. The data are segregated into four air mass groups according to the levels of 222 Rn and wind direction, representing fresh continental outflow, coastal, perturbed maritime, and local urban air. Ozone and CO showed a moderate positive correlation (r 2 = 0.4) in the marine air group, characterized by low 222 Rn and CO levels, but they were poorly correlated in the other air mass groups. SO 2 and NO y exhibited good correlations (r 2 > 0.6) with each other but were poorly correlated with CO, indicating differences in their emission sources and/or removal processes. CO very strongly correlated with ethyne and benzene (r 2 > 0.85) and also showed good correlations with several other NMHCs. Moreover, CO correlated moderately with a biomass burning tracer (CH 3 Cl) and an urban/industrial tracer (C 2 Cl 4 ) indicating the impact of mixed pollution from urban and biomass burning sources. The relationship of CO, SO 2 , and NO y with the indicator of atmospheric processing, ethyne/ CO and propane/ethane, were also examined. The 2001 data were compared to the results obtained in the same period in 1994 during PEM-West B. The mean ozone level in the spring of 2001 was much higher than during PEM-West B. SO 2 also had higher concentrations during TRACE-P, while CO and NO y were comparable during the two campaigns. The observed difference has been discussed in the context of emission changes and variations in meteorology. Although it is difficult to draw definitive conclusions about the extent of the influence of these two factors, it appears that clearer skies and drier conditions may have been responsible for the higher ozone concentrations during the TRACE-P period.

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Trace gas measurements in coastal Hong Kong during the PEM‐West B

Cited by 31 publications

References 15 publications

Increasing surface ozone concentrations in the background atmosphere of Southern China, 1994–2007

Increasing surface ozone concentrations in the background atmosphere of Southern China, 1994–2007

Characteristics of pollutants and their correlation to meteorological conditions at a suburban site in the North China Plain

Chemical characterization of the boundary layer outflow of air pollution to Hong Kong during February–April 2001

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