Trace gas and particle emissions from open burning of three cereal crop residues: Increase in residue moistness enhances emissions of carbon monoxide, methane, and particulate organic carbon

Hayashi, Kentaro; Ono, Keisuke; Kajiura, Masako; Sudo, Shigeto; Yonemura, Seiichiro; Fushimi, Akihiro; Saitoh, Katsumi; Fujitani, Yuji; Toko, Kiyoshi

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.06.023

Cited by 78 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(32 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The emissions of organic C under moist conditions were also larger than the emissions under dry conditions. As in the above-mentioned results from Hayashi et al (2014), the results from our study also illustrated the effects of smolder-burning enhancing the CO, CH 4 and NMVOC emissions, because the moist conditions resulted in partial oxygen deficits during burning.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…5). A similar result was described in Hayashi et al (2014), the CO 2 /CO ratios of the rice and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) straw, which is a similar indicator of imperfect combustion to MCE, significantly decreased with the increase in the moisture content, which indicated that the increase in moisture enhanced the degree of imperfect combustion. In their study, moisture content was positively correlated with the emissions of carbonaceous gases, and the correlations were particularly strong for emissions of CO and CH 4 from rice and barley straw.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…The reason the opposite phenomenon was found in these two studies might be a result of air samples for N 2 O measurement being taken without a filter in our study, but the air samples were collected with a potassium chloride-impregnated filter for removal of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) in Hayashi et al (2014). Because coexisting SO 2 and nitric oxide (NO) react to form N 2 O during sample storage (Muzio and Kramlich 1988;Linak et al 1990;Preto et al 2004), the N 2 O emissions calculated in our study might be overestimated, even though their contribution to global warming is negligible compared with other gas species (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…The N 2 O emissions measured in our study became smaller as the moisture content of the straw stacks increased (Table 2), although higher N 2 O emissions were observed as the straw's moisture content increased in Hayashi et al (2014). The reason the opposite phenomenon was found in these two studies might be a result of air samples for N 2 O measurement being taken without a filter in our study, but the air samples were collected with a potassium chloride-impregnated filter for removal of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) in Hayashi et al (2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Since the moisture content of burned biomass affects carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) emissions (Chen et al 2010) and emissions factors -for example, residue moistness has been shown to be positively correlated with particle emissions (Darley et al 1974;Oanh et al 2011)-the effects on the burned straw condition also need to be taken into account when considering regional GHG emissions. High moisture content was shown to enhance the emissions of gases that originated from incomplete combustion, typically CO (Hayashi et al 2014). Although many studies have been conducted to obtain emissions factors from crop residue burning (e.g., US EPA 1995; Andreae and Merlet 2001;Hays et al 2005;Sahai et al 2007;Zhang et al 2008;Oanh et al 2011), few of these studies considered the effects of residue moistness on emissions factors; therefore, current emissions inventories do not explicitly incorporate the effects of residue moistness on gas and particle emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Greenhouse gas emissions from rice straw burning and straw-mushroom cultivation in a triple rice cropping system in the Mekong Delta

Arai

Hosen

Hong

et al. 2015

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Mekong Delta produces 21 Mt of rough rice (Oryza sativa L.) and an estimated 24 Mt of straw (dry weight) annually. Approximately one fourth of the straw is burned on the field, which is a common practice in intensive rice cultivation systems in this region because there is limited time to prepare the field for the next crop. The spread of intensive rice production in the Delta may increase the total biomass of burning crop residues, significantly impacting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Vietnam. In this study, GHG emissions from the major uses of straw (burning and mushroom beds) were monitored in a triple rice cropping system located in the central Mekong Delta. Between September 2011 and November 2012, both wind tunnel and closed chamber methods were used to measure the emissions of major GHGs from straw-burning and straw-mushroom cultivation systems, respectively. The global warming potential (GWP) was then determined. Methane (CH 4 ) and non-methane volatile organic carbon emissions (NMVOC) increased with lower modified combustion efficiency [MCE: emissions ratio of Carbon composing carbon dioxide (CO 2 -C) and carbon monooxide (CO-C) (CO 2 -C/(CO-C + CO 2 -C))]. Furthermore, higher moisture straw stacks generated lower nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions. Small straw stacks (5 or 10 kg dry straw) with higher moisture content emitted more carbon monoxide (CO), CH 4 and NMVOC. These results suggest that factors that increase the straw moisture content, such as rainfall, can cause smoldering combustion in small straw stacks or when straw is scattered on the ground, thereby inhibiting N 2 O emissions but enhancing CO, CH 4 and NMVOC. The measured N 2 O emissions contributed negligible amounts to the GWP compared with measured CO and CH 4 , which are relatively intense GHG emissions; this was likely a result of the slow and inefficient burning that was observed from the smaller straw stacks with higher moisture content. In this study, rice straw burning threatened to generate more GHGs than straw-mushroom (Volvariella volvacea (Bul. ex Fr.) Singer) cultivation under the studied agroecosystems.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Greenhouse gas emissions from rice straw burning and straw-mushroom cultivation in a triple rice cropping system in the Mekong Delta

Arai

Hosen

Hong

et al. 2015

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Aerosol emissions from prescribed fires in the United States: A synthesis of laboratory and aircraft measurements

May

McMeeking

Lee

et al. 2014

J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.

138

219

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aerosol emissions from prescribed fires can affect air quality on regional scales. Accurate representation of these emissions in models requires information regarding the amount and composition of the emitted species. We measured a suite of submicron particulate matter species in young plumes emitted from prescribed fires (chaparral and montane ecosystems in California; coastal plain ecosystem in South Carolina) and from open burning of over 15 individual plant species in the laboratory. We report emission ratios and emission factors for refractory black carbon (rBC) and submicron nonrefractory aerosol and compare field and laboratory measurements to assess the representativeness of our laboratory-measured emissions. Laboratory measurements of organic aerosol (OA) emission factors for some fires were an order of magnitude higher than those derived from any of our aircraft observations; these are likely due to higher-fuel moisture contents, lower modified combustion efficiencies, and less dilution compared to field studies. Nonrefractory inorganic aerosol emissions depended more strongly on fuel type and fuel composition than on combustion conditions. Laboratory and field measurements for rBC were in good agreement when differences in modified combustion efficiency were considered; however, rBC emission factors measured both from aircraft and in the laboratory during the present study using the Single Particle Soot Photometer were generally higher than values previously reported in the literature, which have been based largely on filter measurements. Although natural variability may account for some of these differences, an increase in the BC emission factors incorporated within emission inventories may be required, pending additional field measurements for a wider variety of fires.

show abstract

Agricultural fires in the southeastern U.S. during SEAC⁴RS: Emissions of trace gases and particles and evolution of ozone, reactive nitrogen, and organic aerosol

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Emissions from 15 agricultural fires in the southeastern U.S. were measured from the NASA DC‐8 research aircraft during the summer 2013 Studies of Emissions and Atmospheric Composition, Clouds and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys (SEAC4RS) campaign. This study reports a detailed set of emission factors (EFs) for 25 trace gases and 6 fine particle species. The chemical evolution of the primary emissions in seven plumes was examined in detail for ~1.2 h. A Lagrangian plume cross‐section model was used to simulate the evolution of ozone (O3), reactive nitrogen species, and organic aerosol (OA). Observed EFs are generally consistent with previous measurements of crop residue burning, but the fires studied here emitted high amounts of SO2 and fine particles, especially primary OA and chloride. Filter‐based measurements of aerosol light absorption implied that brown carbon (BrC) was ubiquitous in the plumes. In aged plumes, rapid production of O3, peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), and nitrate was observed with ΔO3/ΔCO, ΔPAN/ΔNOy, and Δnitrate/ΔNOy reaching ~0.1, ~0.3, and ~0.3. For five selected cases, the model reasonably simulated O3 formation but underestimated PAN formation. No significant evolution of OA mass or BrC absorption was observed. However, a consistent increase in oxygen‐to‐carbon (O/C) ratios of OA indicated that OA oxidation in the agricultural fire plumes was much faster than in urban and forest fire plumes. Finally, total annual SO2, NOx, and CO emissions from agricultural fires in Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Missouri were estimated (within a factor of ~2) to be equivalent to ~2% SO2 from coal combustion and ~1% NOx and ~9% CO from mobile sources.

show abstract

Trace gas and particle emissions from open burning of three cereal crop residues: Increase in residue moistness enhances emissions of carbon monoxide, methane, and particulate organic carbon

Cited by 78 publications

References 26 publications

Greenhouse gas emissions from rice straw burning and straw-mushroom cultivation in a triple rice cropping system in the Mekong Delta

Greenhouse gas emissions from rice straw burning and straw-mushroom cultivation in a triple rice cropping system in the Mekong Delta

Aerosol emissions from prescribed fires in the United States: A synthesis of laboratory and aircraft measurements

Agricultural fires in the southeastern U.S. during SEAC⁴RS: Emissions of trace gases and particles and evolution of ozone, reactive nitrogen, and organic aerosol

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Trace gas and particle emissions from open burning of three cereal crop residues: Increase in residue moistness enhances emissions of carbon monoxide, methane, and particulate organic carbon

Cited by 78 publications

References 26 publications

Greenhouse gas emissions from rice straw burning and straw-mushroom cultivation in a triple rice cropping system in the Mekong Delta

Greenhouse gas emissions from rice straw burning and straw-mushroom cultivation in a triple rice cropping system in the Mekong Delta

Aerosol emissions from prescribed fires in the United States: A synthesis of laboratory and aircraft measurements

Agricultural fires in the southeastern U.S. during SEAC4RS: Emissions of trace gases and particles and evolution of ozone, reactive nitrogen, and organic aerosol

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Agricultural fires in the southeastern U.S. during SEAC⁴RS: Emissions of trace gases and particles and evolution of ozone, reactive nitrogen, and organic aerosol