Trace Fear Conditioning: Procedure for Assessing Complex Hippocampal Function in Mice

Sharma, Vidya; Cohen, Noah; Sood, Rapita; Ounallah-Saad, Hadile; Gal-Ben-Ari, Shunit; Rosenblum, Kobi

doi:10.21769/bioprotoc.2475

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Both types of pretraining create an expectancy of contingency. For example, in trace fear conditioning the CStrace-US is presented more than once [14,15]. Although it is possible that rodents in trace fear conditioning associate CS with US even after a single CS-trace-US exposure, there is no observable variable which could indicate the acquired knowledge.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidental Encoding and Retrieval of Episodic-Like Memory in Rats: A Novel Behavioral Task

Radostová

Kuncicka

Krajčovič

et al. 2022

Preprint

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There is a pressing need for an ecologically relevant behavioral task that would enable the study of elementary aspects of episodic memory. In everyday life, episodic memories are acquired incidentally in a single-encounter fashion and are composed of sub-events separated by time gaps. We designed a behavioral task called One-Trial Trace Escape Reaction (OTTER), in which rats incidentally associated two temporally discontinuous stimuli. In OTTER, rats associate a neutral acoustic cue (conditioned stimulus, CS) with an aversive stimulus (unconditioned stimulus, US) which occurs two seconds later: we call this sequence CS-2s-US. In the first few sessions, rats are habituated to two similar environmental contexts (A and B); each context consists of interconnected dark and light sub-areas. Next, in the pairing session, rats experience CS-2s-US in the dark sub-area of one of the environmental contexts (either A or B). The US is terminated immediately after a rat escapes into the light sub-area. During the recall session 24 hours later, rats are presented with only the CS in the alternate environmental context (B or A) and their behavioral response is observed. Our results show that 50% of handled rats and 14% of non-handled rats responded to the CS by escaping to the light sub-area although they experienced only a single CS-2s-US pairing. The capacity to acquire a CS-2s-US association in a single CS-2s-US pairing indicates that rodents are able to form incidental temporal associations. The OTTER behavioral task offers a flexible high throughput tool to study memories acquired incidentally after a single experience.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidental Encoding and Retrieval of Episodic-Like Memory in Rats: A Novel Behavioral Task

Radostová

Kuncicka

Krajčovič

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…7E). To assess the learning and memory functions of these mice, we performed the trace fear conditioning test, a memory test requiring both hippocampus and cortex function (Burman et al, 2014; Han et al, 2003; Sharma et al, 2018). Mice were trained to associate aversive shock with a neutral auditory tone stimulus.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

TPL2 kinase activity regulates microglial inflammatory responses and promotes neurodegeneration in tauopathy mice

Wang¹,

Wu²,

Tsai³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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TPL2 (MAP3K8) is a central signaling node in the inflammatory response of peripheral immune cells. We find that TPL2 kinase activity modulates microglial cytokine release and is required for microglia-mediated neuron deathin vitro. In acutein vivoneuroinflammation settings, TPL2 kinase activity regulates microglia activation states and brain cytokine levels. In a tauopathy model of chronic neurodegeneration, loss of TPL2 kinase activity reduces neuroinflammation and rescues synapse loss, brain volume loss, and behavioral deficits. Single-cell RNAseq analysis indicates protection in the tauopathy model was associated with reductions in activated microglia subpopulations as well as infiltrating peripheral immune cells. Overall, using various models, we find that TPL2 kinase activity can promote multiple harmful consequences of microglial activation in the brain including cytokine release, iNOS induction, astrocyte activation, and immune cell infiltration. Consequently, inhibiting TPL2 kinase activity could represent a potential therapeutic strategy in neurodegenerative conditions.

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“…Both types of pre-training create an expectancy of contingency. For example, in trace fear conditioning, the CS-trace-US is presented more than once [18,19]. Although rodents may associate CS with US even after a single CS-trace-US exposure in trace fear conditioning, no observable variable could indicate the acquired knowledge.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidental Temporal Binding in Rats: A Novel Behavioral Task Relevant to Episodic Memory

Radostová

Kuncicka

Krajčovič

et al. 2022

Preprint

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We designed a behavioral task called One-Trial Trace Escape Reaction (OTTER), in which rats incidentally associate two temporally discontinuous stimuli: a neutral acoustic cue (CS) with an aversive stimulus (US) which occurs two seconds later (CS-2s-US sequence). Rats are first habituated to two similar environmental contexts (A and B), each consisting of an interconnected dark and light chamber. Next, rats experience the CS-2s-US sequence in the dark chamber of one of the contexts (either A or B); the US is terminated immediately after a rat escapes into the light chamber. The CS-2s-US sequence is presented only once to ensure the incidental acquisition of the association. The recall is tested 24 h later when rats are presented with only the CS in the alternate context (B or A), and their behavioral response is observed. Our results show that 59 % of the rats responded to the CS by escaping to the light chamber, although they experienced only one CS-2s-US pairing. The OTTER task offers a flexible high throughput tool to study memory acquired incidentally after a single experience. Incidental acquisition of association between temporally discontinuous events is highly relevant to episodic memory formation.

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Trace Fear Conditioning: Procedure for Assessing Complex Hippocampal Function in Mice

Cited by 12 publications

References 21 publications

Incidental Encoding and Retrieval of Episodic-Like Memory in Rats: A Novel Behavioral Task

Incidental Encoding and Retrieval of Episodic-Like Memory in Rats: A Novel Behavioral Task

TPL2 kinase activity regulates microglial inflammatory responses and promotes neurodegeneration in tauopathy mice

Incidental Temporal Binding in Rats: A Novel Behavioral Task Relevant to Episodic Memory

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