Trace elements migrating from tailings to rock varnish laminated sediments in an old mining region from Nelson, Nevada, USA

Sims, Douglas B.; Hudson, Amanda C.; Keller, John E.; Strange, Michael A.; Buch, Andressa Cristhy; Ferrari, David; Fernandez, Giavanna M.; Garcia-Hernandez, Juan; Kesl, Bailey D.; Torres, Sean

doi:10.1016/j.ijsrc.2021.08.001

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Thus, there was a "grain control effect" of trace element content in SSPs. The findings by [70][71][72] also prove it. Among the SSPs of Poyang Lake, Fe was mainly distributed in clay, about 51%.…”

Section: Chemical Characteristics Of Suspended Sediment Particlesmentioning

confidence: 53%

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Physicochemical Properties and Environmental Effects of Suspended Sediment Particles in the Largest Freshwater Lake, China

et al. 2023

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Suspended sediment particles (SSPs) act as a potential source of and sink for aquatic pollution. This study sampled six sites in Poyang Lake in August and November 2019. Changes in the physicochemical properties of SSPs were analyzed using scanning electron microscope energy-dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS). The results showed that SSPs consisted mainly of clay and chalk, with an average content of 39.71% and 57.52%, respectively. The average particle size distribution of SSPs in the study area ranged from 5.54 to 15.97 μm and the spatial distribution pattern showed the north lake area (I) > west lake area (II) > east lake area (III). The angle (K) of morphological indicators varied widely, with coefficients of variation between 0.25 and 1.23. Water-flow velocity was negatively correlated with SSP size, while suspended-solid concentration was positively correlated with SSP surface roughness. Morphological parameters, chemical composition, and correlation between each SSP form were analyzed to identify morphological distribution characteristics. Linear regression equations estimated endogenous phosphorus load in zones I, II, and III as 1027.202 mg/kg, 1265.343 mg/kg, and 1013.111 mg/kg respectively. Therefore, we conclude that the morphological differences in particulate matter, the interaction between chemical fractions, and the aqueous environment affecting the distribution of phosphorus fugitive forms, may contribute to endogenous lake pollution. These results are essential for revealing the intrinsic relationship between SSP physicochemical properties and lake eutrophication and studying other water–sediment interface processes of lake pollutants.

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Section: Chemical Characteristics Of Suspended Sediment Particlesmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Thus, there was a "grain control effect" of trace element content in SSPs. The findings by [70][71][72] also prove it.…”

Section: Chemical Characteristics Of Suspended Sediment Particlesmentioning

confidence: 53%

Physicochemical Properties and Environmental Effects of Suspended Sediment Particles in the Largest Freshwater Lake, China

et al. 2023

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“…Another nanoscale process involves patterns of trace and rare elements in varnish (Bard, 1979; Engel and Sharp, 1958; Fleisher et al, 1999; Hodge et al, 2005; Lakin et al, 1963; Otter et al, 2020; Sims et al, 2022; Thiagarajan and Lee, 2004; Wayne et al, 2006; Xu et al, 2019).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This type of nanoscale diagenesis, observed in Figures 3-8, is an attribute of the budding bacteriapolygenetic hypothesis. Another nanoscale process involves patterns of trace and rare elements in varnish (Bard, 1979;Engel and Sharp, 1958;Fleisher et al, 1999;Hodge et al, 2005;Lakin et al, 1963;Otter et al, 2020;Sims et al, 2022;Thiagarajan and Lee, 2004;Wayne et al, 2006;Xu et al, 2019). Some suggest that trace and rare element found in varnish indicate a role for aqueous processes (Fleisher et al, 1999;Otter et al, 2020;Thiagarajan and Lee, 2004;Xu et al, 2019).…”

Section: Does the Proposed Mechanism Explain The Enrichment Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rock varnish is not limited to any particular climate region, or to any particular environmental setting, even though varnish is most noticeable on subaerial rocky surfaces in warm deserts—hence its older name of “desert varnish.” Rock varnish is not limited to: (i) particular textures such nanoscale layering imposed by the dominance of clay minerals (Krinsley et al, 1995); (ii) samples that have microlaminations or those that do not (Liu and Broecker, 2013; Liu et al, 2013); (iii) very slow growing varnish that forms at rates of microns per millennia (Dorn, 1998; Liu and Broecker, 2000) or faster-accumulating varnishes (Dorn and Meek, 1995; Spilde et al, 2013); (iv) varnishes that contain variations in minor or trace elements such as barium (Dorn et al, 1990), lead (Dorn, 1998; Hoar et al, 2011; Otter et al, 2020; Sims et al, 2022; Spilde et al, 2013), and others (Thiagarajan and Lee, 2004); (iv) varnishes with particular suites of organic matter (Chaddha et al, 2023; Nagy et al, 1991); or (v) varnishes with ancient organic matter than can become entombed in an under varnish (Cremaschi et al, 2014; Wang et al, 2023; Zerboni and Cremaschi, 2007).…”

Section: What Is Rock Varnish?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rock varnish revisited

Dorn

2024

Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment

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Investigators seeking to solve the mystery of rock varnish formation have yet to embrace hypothesis testing. Thus, this paper presents nine tests that assess the validity of the eight hypotheses proposed over the last four decades to explain varnish formation. An almost singular focus on manganese (Mn)-enrichment by many in varnish research may have led to six of the eight hypotheses failing to explain iron (Fe)-enrichment, as well as why clay minerals dominate the composition of rock varnish. Many varnish researchers displayed a sampling bias by collecting samples only from hot and dry deserts; thus, it should be of no surprise that four hypotheses failed a test of explaining varnishes in different climates; five hypotheses failed to explain varnishes in subsurface locations; and seven hypotheses failed to explain differences in varnish growth rates in hot deserts versus wetter locations. In the end, seven of eight proposed hypotheses to explain varnish formation failed more than five tests, any one of which would falsify the hypothesis. Only one hypothesis “passed” all nine tests.

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Spatial distribution characteristics, influencing factors, and source distribution of soil cadmium in Shantou City, Guangdong Province

Luo

et al. 2022

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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Trace elements migrating from tailings to rock varnish laminated sediments in an old mining region from Nelson, Nevada, USA

Cited by 6 publications

References 53 publications

Physicochemical Properties and Environmental Effects of Suspended Sediment Particles in the Largest Freshwater Lake, China

Physicochemical Properties and Environmental Effects of Suspended Sediment Particles in the Largest Freshwater Lake, China

Rock varnish revisited

Spatial distribution characteristics, influencing factors, and source distribution of soil cadmium in Shantou City, Guangdong Province

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