Trace Elements in Vegetable Oils after Hydroconversion into Advanced-Generation Biocomponents

Abstract

Direct hydroconversion of vegetable oils (by a one-stage process) and hydroconversion of vegetable oil zeoformates (by a two-stage process) lead to hydroraffinates that contain trace elements. The concentrations of these trace elements must be below the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry determination limit, in accordance with the recommendations and requirements specified in the relevant legislation (Worldwide Fuel Charter). In this work, it was found that some trace elements (Na, Ca, Mg, and P) are deposited on the catalyst surface during the initial zeoforming of vegetable oils. At the same time, other ions (Al) can be removed by elution from the surface of the zeolite catalyst. During hydroconversion, most of the trace elements present in vegetable oils and zeoformates pass into the aqueous phase.

Hydroprocessing Catalysts Containing Noble Metals: Deactivation, Regeneration, Metals Reclamation, and Environment and Safety

“…48,54 The biofeeds of vegetable oil origin were contaminated by Na, Ca, Mg, and P, which deposited on the catalyst surface during HPR. 171 The effect of solids in biofeeds on HPR operation is described in details by Elliott et al 172 The biofeeds were obtained by fast pyrolysis of red oak and corn stover. The corresponding phenolic oils contained about 1.4 and 2.8 wt% of filterable solids, respectively, with metals such as Al, Si, K, Ca, and Mg being predominant.…”

“…For example, the FT syncrude may contain metals that were leached out from FT catalysts during the operation . Light tight oils and/or corresponding distillate residues may be contaminated by alkali and alkali earth metals as well as by iron. , The biofeeds of vegetable oil origin were contaminated by Na, Ca, Mg, and P, which deposited on the catalyst surface during HPR …”