Trace elements in sulfide minerals from eastern Australian volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposits; Part I, Proton microprobe analyses of pyrite, chalcopyrite, and sphalerite, and Part II, Selenium levels in pyrite; comparison with delta 34 S values and implications for the source of sulfur in volcanogenic hydrothermal systems

Mineralogy, geochemistry and sulfur isotope characterization of Cerro de Maimón (Dominican Republic), San Fernando and Antonio (Cuba) lower Cretaceous VMS deposits: Formation during subduction initiation of the proto-Caribbean lithosphere within a fore-arc

“…Sphalerite, because of its high relative abundance in the studied deposits, is a good candidate for being the phase that released most of the Bi, Pb and Ag, initially hosted as solid solution and/or as discrete micro-inclusions (Huston et al, 1995;Cook et al, 2009), for the subsequent crystallization of minor and trace minerals during late mineralization. Recent studies by Lockington et al (2014) reported that the concentrations of Pb, Bi and to some degree Cu and Ag in sphalerite decrease with increasing metamorphic grade and, once released, these elements potentially form discrete minerals elsewhere.…”

The roles of pyrite and calcite in the mobilization of arsenic and lead from hydrothermally altered rocks excavated in Hokkaido, Japan

“…According to Huston et al (1995), the incorporation of Pb into pyrite, like Cu and Zn, is most likely through the inclusion of other sulfide minerals containing these elements (e.g., galena, chalcopyrite and sphalerite) and not directly into the crystal lattice. In contrast, As, with its smaller atomic size and similar properties to S, could be incorporated directly into the pyrite lattice most probably as nonstoichiometric substitutions or as a metastable Fe(As,S) 2 solid solution (Fleet et al, 1989;Huston et al, 1995).…”

“…Hydrothermally altered rocks have been extensively studied 3 especially in the context of ore formation, metal enrichment, and mineralization (Aiuppa et al, 2006;Allen and Hahn, 1994;Franzson et al, 2008;Halbach et al, 1993;Horton et al, 2001;Huston et al, 1995;Marques et al, 2010;Martin-Crespo et al, 2004;Ostwald and England, 1977;Pokrovski et al, 2007), but very few have investigated the potential leaching of toxic elements from these rocks when exposed to the environment.…”

Mobilization and speciation of arsenic from hydrothermally altered rock containing calcite and pyrite under anoxic conditions

“…Arsenic is a toxic trace element that is ubiquitous in nature, and is usually concentrated in mineral sulfide ore bodies (Fleet et al, 1989;Huston et al, 1995;Smedley and Kinniburgh, 2002). Serious health problems like arsenicosis, keratosis and certain types of cancers (e.g., skin, lungs, liver, bladder and kidneys) have been linked to the chronic intake of this element through contaminated drinking water sources (Cebrian et al, 1983;Chakraborty and Saha, 1987;Chen et al, 1985;Chen et al, 1992;O'Day et al, 2004;Sengupta, 2002;Smith et al, 1992;Tseng et al, 1968;Zaldivar, 1974).…”

“…Hydrothermally altered rocks have been extensively studied but mostly in the context of ore formation and characterization (Aiuppa et al, 2006;Allen and Hahn, 1994;Halbach et al, 1993;Horton et al, 2001;Huston et al, 1995;Ostwald 3 and England, 1977). In addition, several authors have examined the geochemistry of toxic elements, such as As and some heavy metals, in contact with hydrothermally altered rocks at mine pit lakes (Davis and Ashenberg, 1989;Davis et al, 2006;Eary, 1998;Levy et al, 1997;Savage et al, 2009;Tempel et al, 2000).…”