“…Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem ES (− ) mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS, ACQUITY, TQD, Waters, Milford, MA, USA) was used to measure four perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFBS, PFHxS, PFOS, and PFDS) and eleven perfluoroalkane carboxylic acids (PFBA, PFPeDA, PFHxA, PFHpA, PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, PFUnDA, PFDoDA, PFTrDA, and PFTeDA) were selected as target analytes. For quality control of the samples, the procedures are further explained in Padilha et al (2022Padilha et al ( , 2023 for trace elements and PFAS, respectively. The abbreviations utilized for the target PFAS are consistent with those proposed by Buck et al (2011; see Table S1 in the Supplementary Material).…”