Trace elements in hair of blackfoot disease

Pan, Tzu-Yu; Lin, Te-Hsien; Tseng, Chung‐Shi; Yang, Mo; Huang, Chin‐Wang

doi:10.1007/bf02783182

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The results indicate that zinc intake may have been inadequate, with an average daily intake of 58 percent of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (130). The possibility of a role for marginal zinc intake in blackfoot disease is supported by reports of low zinc levels in whole blood, plasma, urine (131), and hair (132) in blackfoot disease patients compared with controls. In another study, blood zinc levels were also lower in blackfoot disease patients, but the difference was not statistically significant (133).…”

Section: Severe Peripheral Vascular Disease With Gangrene and Amputatmentioning

confidence: 53%

Vascular Effects of Chronic Arsenic Exposure: A Review

Engel¹,

Hopenhayn‐Rich

Receveur

et al. 1994

Epidemiologic Reviews

207

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Section: Severe Peripheral Vascular Disease With Gangrene and Amputatmentioning

confidence: 53%

Vascular Effects of Chronic Arsenic Exposure: A Review

Engel¹,

Hopenhayn‐Rich

Receveur

et al. 1994

Epidemiologic Reviews

207

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“…Nerve conduction impairment has been observed in persons with 2 mg/kg hair arsenic concentrations (Hindmarsh and McCurdy 1986). A value of 5 mg/kg has been used by the Canadian government to indicate a significant increase of ingested arsenic (Pan et al 1993). Such levels cannot be applied to the results of this study because the contribution of exogenous arsenic has not been accounted for.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A hair arsenic concentration of 1 mg/kg has been associated with levels at which health effects have been observed (Hindmarsh and McCurdy 1986;Pan et al 1993). Nerve conduction impairment has been observed in persons with 2 mg/kg hair arsenic concentrations (Hindmarsh and McCurdy 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hair and toenail arsenic concentrations of residents living in areas with high environmental arsenic concentrations.

Hinwood

Sim

Jolley

et al. 2003

Environ Health Perspect

125

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Surface soil and groundwater in Australia have been found to contain high concentrations of arsenic. The relative importance of long-term human exposure to these sources has not been established. Several studies have investigated long-term exposure to environmental arsenic concentrations using hair and toenails as the measure of exposure. Few have compared the difference in these measures of environmental sources of exposure. In this study we aimed to investigate risk factors for elevated hair and toenail arsenic concentrations in populations exposed to a range of environmental arsenic concentrations in both drinking water and soil as well as in a control population with low arsenic concentrations in both drinking water and soil. In this study, we recruited 153 participants from areas with elevated arsenic concentrations in drinking water and residential soil, as well as a control population with no anticipated arsenic exposures. The median drinking water arsenic concentrations in the exposed population were 43.8 micro g/L (range, 16.0-73 micro g/L) and median soil arsenic concentrations were 92.0 mg/kg (range, 9.1-9,900 mg/kg). In the control group, the median drinking water arsenic concentration was below the limit of detection, and the median soil arsenic concentration was 3.3 mg/kg. Participants were categorized based on household drinking water and residential soil arsenic concentrations. The geometric mean hair arsenic concentrations were 5.52 mg/kg for the drinking water exposure group and 3.31 mg/kg for the soil exposure group. The geometric mean toenail arsenic concentrations were 21.7 mg/kg for the drinking water exposure group and 32.1 mg/kg for the high-soil exposure group. Toenail arsenic concentrations were more strongly correlated with both drinking water and soil arsenic concentrations; however, there is a strong likelihood of significant external contamination. Measures of residential exposure were better predictors of hair and toenail arsenic concentrations than were local environmental concentrations.

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“…15 The Canadian government has employed a guideline level of 5000 mg kg À1 to indicate a significant increase in exposure. 16 Some evidence has been presented of a link between an increased risk of skin cancer (squamous cell carcinoma) and high levels of toenail arsenic (350 to 810 mg kg À1 ). 17 In an epidemiological study conducted in Iowa, US, Freeman et al 13 report toenail arsenic concentration and cutaneous melanoma to be positively correlated, the maximum reported toenail arsenic concentration was 360 mg kg À1 in the exposed population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human toenails as a biomarker of exposure to elevated environmental arsenic

et al. 2009

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A pilot study was conducted to determine the applicability of toenails as a biomarker of exposure to elevated environmental arsenic (As) levels. A total of 17 individuals were recruited for the pilot study: 8 residents living near to a former As mine, Devon, UK, forming the exposed group, plus 9 10 residents from Nottinghamshire, UK, with no anticipated As exposure who were used for comparison as a control group. All toenail samples were thoroughly washed prior to analysis and the wash solutions retained for As determination via ICP-MS to provide an indication of the background environmental As levels for each group. Total As was determined in washed toenail samples via ICP-MS following microwave assisted acid digestion. Concentrations of total As in the 15 toenails of the exposed group were elevated, ranging from 858 to 25,981 µg kg -1 (geometric mean = 5406 µg kg -1 ), compared to the control group whose toenail As concentrations ranged from 73 to 273 µg kg -1 (geometric mean = 122 µg kg -1 ). Higher levels of exogenous As contamination were present on the toenails of the exposed group (geometric mean = 506 µg kg -1 ) compared to the control group (geometric mean = 4.0 µg kg -1 ) providing evidence of higher environmental As 20 levels in the exposed group. Total As concentrations in toenail samples were positively correlated to environmental As levels (r = 0.60, p <0.001). HPLC-ICP-MS analysis of aqueous toenail extracts revealed inorganic arsenite (As III ) to be the dominant species extracted (~ 83 %) with lesser amounts of inorganic arsenate (As V ) and organic dimethylarsinate (DMA V ) at ~ 13 % and ~ 8.5 % respectively. Arsenic speciation in analysed toenail extracts from the two groups was 25 comparable. The only notable difference between groups was the presence of small amounts (<1 %) of organic methylarsonate (MA V ) in two toenail samples from the exposed group. Toenails are presented as a viable biomarker of exposure at sites with elevated environmental As, such as the former mining sites found throughout Devon and Cornwall, UK. Introduction 30Arsenic is naturally occurring and ubiquitous in the environment. Humans are exposed to As via contaminated water, food, soil and dust 1 . Chronic exposure to As is associated with increases in lung, liver, bladder and kidney cancer, skin keratoses and peripheral vascular disease 2, 3 . 35 Biological markers (biomarkers) can be utilised to make quantitative estimates of exposure to harmful substances 4 and subsequent risk of disease. There is now increasing interest in the use of human nails as a routine biomarker of As exposure. On ingestion, soluble arsenic is adsorbed from the gastro- 40 intestinal tract and distributed to all bodily systems in the blood, accumulating in many body parts, in particular the keratin rich materials such as hair and nails 5 . Arsenic is thought to accumulate in hair and nails as a result of its affinity for sulphydryl groups 6 and remains isolated from the 45 body's metabolic processes both after nail formation and througho...

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Trace elements in hair of blackfoot disease

Cited by 15 publications

References 10 publications

Vascular Effects of Chronic Arsenic Exposure: A Review

Vascular Effects of Chronic Arsenic Exposure: A Review

Hair and toenail arsenic concentrations of residents living in areas with high environmental arsenic concentrations.

Human toenails as a biomarker of exposure to elevated environmental arsenic

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