Trace elements in an adjacent channel of an anthropized area: a case study of Baixada Santista, Southeastern Brazil

Salaroli, Alexandre Barbosa; Kim, B.S.M.; Angeli, José Lourenço Friedmann; Figueira, Rubens César Lopes

doi:10.5132/eec.2018.01.03

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Meanwhile, the weaker correlation of Cu, Pb and Zn with the conservative elements could represent a different source. Association between Cu, Pb and Zn has also been identified in previous studies (Bordon et al 2011;Buruaem et al 2013;Tramonte et al 2016;Tramonte et al 2018;Salaroli et al 2018;Kim et al 2019) in the sediments of the SSVES and adjacent areas.…”

Section: Sources Of Trace Elements In the Ssvessupporting

confidence: 73%

Influence of the “Great Acceleration” of the Anthropocene on the fluxes of trace elements in sediments of the Santos and São Vicente estuarine system, southeastern Brazil

Angeli

Sartoretto

Kim

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The worldwide evidence of human activities on the environment led the scientific community to recognize a new geologic time unit known as the Anthropocene. Since the twentieth century, the estuaries have been largely impacted by urbanization and industrialization needs driven by population and economic growth. To assess the contamination, provenance, and fluxes of trace elements (As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sc, V and Zn) over the last century, a geochemical and chemometric technique was employed in sediment cores of the Santos and São Vicente Estuarine System (SSVES), an industrial and port region of international importance. The results indicated low contamination, with the highest enrichment factors (EF) for Cu (EF = 3.1), Pb (EF = 2.7), Zn (EF = 2.4) and As (EF = 2.3) found next to the harbor area. The Pre-industrial records confirm the relatively high concentrations of As and its naturally enriched occurrence on the Brazilian shelf. Sediment accumulation rates and trace element fluxes showed a general increase over the years, since the early 1960s, associated with the “Great Acceleration” of the mid-twentieth century. These alterations are human-induced and include urbanization and industrialization. Nonetheless, as the contents and enrichment of trace elements indicate that the region is not severely polluted, we hypothesize that the contamination in the SSVES is likely related to the drainage and erosion of the urbanized adjacent area, rather than direct disposal of inorganic contaminants from the industrial activity.

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Section: Sources Of Trace Elements In the Ssvessupporting

confidence: 73%

Influence of the “Great Acceleration” of the Anthropocene on the fluxes of trace elements in sediments of the Santos and São Vicente estuarine system, southeastern Brazil

Angeli

Sartoretto

Kim

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…According to Harari and Camargo (1998), the meeting point of waters (convergence and divergence of tidal currents) that flows from the channel extremities occurs in its central portion. This dynamic favors the sedimentation of finer particles (Salaroli et al 2018), which explain the higher percentage of fine sediments and organic matter observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Previous studies (Eichler et al 2007;Abessa et al 2008;Salaroli et al 2018) have observed sandy sediment, in general, predominating over the fine fraction in the eastern and western entrances of the channel, and a higher percentage of fine sediments in the central region of the channel (Largo do Candinho).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 85%

Living benthic foraminiferal assemblages monitored monthly in a tide-dominated estuary, Bertioga Channel, Brazil

Rodrigues

Oliveira

Eichler

2020

J. Sediment. Environ.

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Monitoring studies to characterize coastal environments and/or describe the direct impact of pollutants on foraminiferal fauna must be based on the living assemblages. The aim of this study is to review a benthic foraminifera dataset of a bio-monitoring work performed in Bertioga Channel region (São Paulo State) from April of 1999 until March of 2000 by following some of the FOBIMO recommendations. The Bertioga Channel is an estuarine system dominated by tide which may influence the foraminifera fauna. Six distinct stations were selected and sampled monthly during a year. To the faunal analysis, a fixed volume of sediment (50 cm 3 ) was washed through a sieve with 63 µm openings. The foraminifer specimens were picked up and identified. The living fauna showed that Ammonia tepida and Cribroelphidium spp. were the most frequent taxa in almost all stations and during all the monitoring study. Agglutinated species such as Arenoparrella mexicana and Haplophragmoides wilberti were found mainly in the inner portions of the channel. Typical species of marine and paralic environments such as Pararotalia cananeiaensis and Pseudononion japonicumj were found in both entrances of the channel. The living foraminifera abundance and species richness are related to the circulation patterns in this estuarine system with occurrence of opportunistic species near the its entrance closer to impacted areas (Santos Channel), eurihaline in the eastern entrance and mixohaline species in the inner portions of it.

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“…The sampling design of this study was chosen based on the grain size spatial analysis of Kim et al (2019), in which only muddy samples (mud content above 50%) were considered. Therefore, 35 samples were collected in the upper estuary and five in a pristine environment (Salaroli et al 2018), of the Bertioga Channel (Fig. 1, Table 1-Supplementary Material), using a stainless steel Van Veen grab.…”

Section: Study Area and Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical behavior and remobilization potential of trace elements in surface sediments from the baixada santista industrial area, Southeastern Brazilian coast

Kim

Ferreira

Angeli

et al. 2020

J. Sediment. Environ.

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A three-stage sequential extraction procedure optimized by the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) was applied to assess the geochemical behavior and environmental mobility of As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in surface sediments from two ecosystems under different anthropogenic influences, the Estuarine Complex of Santos and São Vicente (ECSSV) upper estuary (high anthropogenic influence) and the Bertioga channel (low anthropogenic influence), both of which are located on the coast of São Paulo, Brazil. In general, the difference between the regions varied considerably for almost all these elements, and the values for the Bertioga channel were always lower than those found in the upper estuary. Among all the elements, Zn showed the greatest mobility, being present mainly in the acid-soluble fraction. Arsenic and Pb were associated with the reducible fraction, and Cu and Ni in the oxidizable fraction. Meanwhile, Cr was mainly found in the residual fraction. Although previous studies, regarding total concentrations suggest the probable enrichment of Cu, Pb and Zn in the surface sediments of the ECSSV, according to our results and the Risk Assessment Code (RAC) analysis, only Zn presented a high risk of bioavailability, and the modified Risk Assessment Code (mRAC) only showed six samples in the inner estuary with a medium risk of mobilization. Therefore, this study can serve as a management tool and optimize the monitoring efforts of chemical pollution in the region. Keywords Estuarine complex of santos and são vicente • Potentially toxic elements • Sequential extraction • Risk assessment code (RAC) due to its strategic location between Santos Port and São Paulo city. The area hosts the largest industrial complex in the country (Cubatão Industrial Complex). It is already considered by many studies to be environmentally affected by industrial, urban and tourist activities, indicated mainly by contamination through potential harmful elements/compounds, like metals and organic compounds (e.g., Bordon et al. 2011; Martins et al. 2011; Buruaem et al. 2013; Kim et al. 2019) and effects on the biological community and mangroves (e.g., Cordeiro and Costa 2010; Cesar et al. 2014; Damasio et al. 2020). These activities have developed over the past century, and the increasing anthropogenic influence affects the resilience of the estuary (Buruaem et al. 2013; Cesar et al. 2014). However, while many studies have been conducted in the region that assess the levels of trace elements (e.g., Silva et al. 2011; Torres et al. 2015; Kim et al. 2016), studies on the environmental availability and geochemical behavior of these Communicated by M. V. Alves Martins

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Trace elements in an adjacent channel of an anthropized area: a case study of Baixada Santista, Southeastern Brazil

Cited by 7 publications

References 25 publications

Influence of the “Great Acceleration” of the Anthropocene on the fluxes of trace elements in sediments of the Santos and São Vicente estuarine system, southeastern Brazil

Influence of the “Great Acceleration” of the Anthropocene on the fluxes of trace elements in sediments of the Santos and São Vicente estuarine system, southeastern Brazil

Living benthic foraminiferal assemblages monitored monthly in a tide-dominated estuary, Bertioga Channel, Brazil

Geochemical behavior and remobilization potential of trace elements in surface sediments from the baixada santista industrial area, Southeastern Brazilian coast

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