Trace Element Requirements, Diagnosis and Prevention of Deficiencies in Sheep and Cattle

Grace, N. D.; Clark, R.G.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-702290-1.50022-9

Cited by 29 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Sheep, South American camelids, yaks and musk oxen all produce a fleece, and wool from semi-domesticated individuals is harvested by humans. Wool production imposes a high demand for minerals (Grace and Clark, 1991;Neathery et al, 1972;White et al, 1994). Different breeds of sheep have differences in Cu and Zn metabolism (e.g., Van der Schee et al, 1983).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin lesions in alpacas and llamas with low zinc and copper status – a preliminary report

Clauss¹,

Lendl²,

Schramel

et al. 2004

The Veterinary Journal

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin lesions in alpacas and llamas with low zinc and copper status – a preliminary report

Clauss¹,

Lendl²,

Schramel

et al. 2004

The Veterinary Journal

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“…Previous studies have shown that the highest seasonal pasture Co concentrations generally occur when conditions are driest in summer and/or autumn. The clover composition of pasture was highest during summer (visual estimates of clover composition at the Raglan site increased from 5% in May at the beginning of the experiment to 24% in January) and this will have contributed to higher pasture Co concentrations because of the higher Co uptake by clover compared with ryegrass (Andrews 1971;Grace 1994). The glass-1 treatment also produced higher Co concentrations in the last cut.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slow‐release cobalt fertilisers: What release rate is required?

Perrott

Hawke

Longhurst

et al. 2004

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Slow-release cobalt (Co) fertilisers have been suggested as a way of avoiding the pattern (often observed with soluble Co fertilisers) of immediate elevation of herbage Co concentration to high levels followed by a rapid decline to deficient levels. However, the Co-release rate required to maintain adequate pasture Co concentrations is not known. Our work aimed to determine what Co-release rate is required for such a material to be effective. Cobalt-containing phosphate glasses with varying rates of dissolution in water were prepared and their rates of cobalt release measured in the laboratory. Materials were selected to cover a wide range of cobalt release rates (5-61% of total cobalt in 24 h during laboratory leaching with water) and evaluated in field experiments at Rotorua and Raglan, North Island, New Zealand. Measurements were aimed at testing the ability of the glasses to extend the period of elevation of herbage Co concentrations compared with cobalt sulphate. The fastest leaching glass was found to elevate herbage Co concentrations above control values for 2 or 3 months longer than CoSO 4 . Periods of elevated Co concentration in herbage could be increased by using material with a slightly slower release rate. A mixture of different release rates, determined by particle size and/or composition, could also be considered. Results of these field experiments will assist interpretation of laboratory leaching results for evaluating any material being considered as a slow release cobalt fertiliser. A similar approach could be used with other trace elements of interest, such as copper.

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“…), the predictive value of this relationship is mitigated by the shallow slope of the regression. Serum Cu is considered a poor indicator of hepatic reserves and thus liver status in domestic sheep (Underwood, 1977;Grace and Clark, 1991) and wild muskox (Blakley et al, 2000). The relationship between serum ceruloplasmin and liver concentration of Cu provides a better predictive measure in reindeer and caribou.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, large proportions of body mineral may be committed to intracellular or extracellular protein complexes. Sheep (Ovis aries) raised for wool production contain 38% of body Fe in hemoglobin within blood cells, whereas in-tracellular proteins in muscle contain 32% body Zn, 25% body Fe, and 12% body Cu, with a further 46% body Zn, 5% body Fe and 14% body Cu in the fleece (Grace and Clark, 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aberrant status of these minerals impairs gas transport, oxidative defense, immune function, cell development and gametogenesis to affect pregnancy, lactation, growth and maintenance (Saker et al, 1998;Grace and Clark, 1991). These divalent cations interact through absorption and transport in the body (Van Soest, 1994) to produce several secondary conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ceruloplasmin as an Indicator of Copper Reserves in Wild Ruminants at High Latitudes

Barboza

Blake

2001

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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Northern ungulates must establish trace mineral reserves when forage is available in spring and summer to sustain biochemical activities through the long winter. Copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) reserves were measured in the serum, digestive tract, liver, and kidney of six male caribou and reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) fed a complete pelleted ration. Dry matter content and absolute amounts of Cu, Zn and Fe were highest in the liver. Digesta contents of Cu and Zn were greatest in the rumen but dry matter concentrations were greatest in the cecum reflecting the high levels of Cu and Zn in the diet. Serum ceruloplasmin (an oxidase containing Cu) activity was related to liver copper in captive reindeer and caribou (P Ͻ 0.05, r 2 ϭ 0.82) during spring and winter but not during the rut. Michaelis-Menten kinetics of ceruloplasmin were measured in sera from captive reindeer, muskox (Ovibos moschatus) and moose (Alces alces) (n ϭ 3/ species). Maximum velocities (V MAX ) were 42, 20 and 9 (IU·L Ϫ1 ); k M were 0.38, 0.55 and 0.62 (mM) for muskox, reindeer and moose respectively. Wild caribou (n ϭ 3) from the Teshekpuk herd and moose (n ϭ 3) from the Colville River had lower V MAX (7 IU·L Ϫ1 ) and higher k M (1.9 mM) than their captive conspecifics. These kinetic parameters probably reflect differences in ceruloplasmin structure between species as well as differences in tissue reserves between populations within each species. Serum ceruloplasmin activity and kinetics can provide a non-lethal alternative to direct measures of hepatic Cu reserves in wild and captive populations. However, the method requires validation for the effects of sex, season, development and disease in each species.

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Trace Element Requirements, Diagnosis and Prevention of Deficiencies in Sheep and Cattle

Cited by 29 publications

References 36 publications

Skin lesions in alpacas and llamas with low zinc and copper status – a preliminary report

Skin lesions in alpacas and llamas with low zinc and copper status – a preliminary report

Slow‐release cobalt fertilisers: What release rate is required?

Ceruloplasmin as an Indicator of Copper Reserves in Wild Ruminants at High Latitudes

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