Trace-element analyses of core samples from the 1967-1988 drillings of Kilauea Iki lava lake, Hawaii

Major-element compositional data and thermal data for drill core from Kīlauea Iki lava lake, plus analyses of glasses from scoria of the 1959 summit eruption of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii

“…The fourth megacryst was part of a small number of olivines for which ZnO determinations were made, and the results are included in appendix 1, table 1.7. Limited data on ZnO in olivine for four other samples are shown in table 1.6; these results were presented in table 4 of Helz (2012), and their significance discussed in that report. Helz and others (2014a) in that the abscissa here is the position of the various points in the traverses, not distance.…”

“…3). Available major-element analyses of core are in Helz and others (1994) and Helz and Taggart (2010), while trace element data on samples from the 1959 eruption and the lava lake can be found in Helz (2012), Pitcher and others (2009), and Greaney and others (2017). Plan view of the post-1959 surface of Kīlauea Iki pit crater and lava lake.…”

“…The second extreme differentiate (KI79-5-163.0) was also produced when melt migrated into and partly filled an open fracture. This small body has been analyzed for trace elements (Helz, 2012), and its glass and bulk compositions (appendix 1, table 1.1) and pyroxene compositions (tables 1.8 and 1.9) are presented here. The source wall rock was subsolidus when collected, so it contains no glass; the glass in the vein is inferred to be metastable.…”

The effects of high-temperature fractional crystallization on calcium isotopic composition

“…Studying the GAC thus has an advantage over other layered structures for which no guarantee of co-geneticity among lithological types can be made. For example, though major and trace element chemistry performed on Kilauea Iki lava lake cores ostensibly represent an igneous sequence preserved during cooling (Helz et al, 1994;Helz, 2012), recent Pb isotope data suggest that there have been multiple deliveries of two isotopically distinct, mantle-derived magma batches to the lake's summit reservoir since it has started erupting (Pietruszka et al, 2015). Residence time modelling suggests that these sources existed in the reservoir partially contemporaneously and variably mixed before erupting into the lake and differentiating.…”

Tin isotopic fractionation during igneous differentiation and Earth’s mantle composition

“…1a). The Sn/E ratios (E = Sm, Hf or Zr; data from Helz, 2012) To understand the Sn isotopic variations, it is necessary first to estimate the partition coefficients of Sn 2+ and Sn 4+ between major minerals and melt. Given the limited experimental data currently available (Adam and Green, 2006;Klemme et al, 2006;Michely et al, 2017), we address this question using lattice strain theory and then model the Sn abundance and speciation during the differentiation of the KI lava lake.…”