Trace determination of chromium(VI) in environmental water samples using innovative thermally reduced graphene (TRG) modified SiO2 adsorbent for solid phase extraction and UV–vis spectrophotometry

Ultrasonic assisted deep eutectic solvent liquid–liquid microextraction using azadipyrromethene dye as complexing agent for assessment of chromium species in environmental samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

“…Now a days there is an enhancing interest to found a simple, reliable and accurate procedure for the chromium ions speciation in water samples . In order to determine the species of chromium ion in water and other samples, extraction techniques and/or sample preparation methods are necessary for inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES), flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS), high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), ultraviolet visible spectrophotometry (Uv–vis), spectrofluorometry and gas chromatography (GC) . These methods suffer from a number of pitfalls.…”

Rapid determination of hexavalent chromium in textiles by a novel ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate derivatization combined with UHPLC–MS/MS

“…The main analytical techniques for Cr(VI) analysis are spectrophotometry, atomic absorption spectrometry, LC with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ion chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and CE . However, in the practical application of spectrophotometry, it is susceptible to be interfered by matrix color, resulting in inaccurate quantification.…”

“…Although some studies have shown that the use of florisil, polyamide, and other sorbents would be helpful to absorb color, the operating process is very complex and the results are often higher than actual values . The sensitivity of chemiluminescence and atomic absorption spectrometry may not be enough for complex matrixes analysis . The use of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide as the ion‐pairing reagent would affect the column life and inevitably introduce large amount of organics to form 40 Ar 12 C, which would influence the 52 Cr + detection .…”

Vortex-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction and indirect spectrophotometric determination of chromium(vi)

“…6 A variety of analytical methods have previously been used for Cr(VI) determination, including voltammetry, [7][8][9][10][11][12] luminescence and chemiluminescence, [13][14][15][16][17] ame and electrothermal AAS, [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] chromatography, [26][27][28][29][30][31] UV-vis spectrophotometry. [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41] Each of these techniques offers both advantages and disadvantages. A comparison of the methods for the determination of chromium was made in the review.…”

“…These methods require the separation and concentration of chromium by liquid-liquid extraction, [21][22][23][24] cloud point extraction to the surfactant-rich phase, [22][23][24][25][26][27] coprecipitation, 23 ion exchange 34 or ion-exchange chromatography, 35 organic soluble membrane lter, 40 sorption or solid phase extraction. 9,20,25,36,37,41,43 Spectrophotometry is the most commonly used method for determination of chromium(VI) in water samples. 6 Various organic reagents have been suggested for chromium(VI) determination including 1,5-diphenylcarbazide, [33][34][35][36][37] methyl orange in the presence of potassium bromate, 38 methyl blue in the presence of sodium periodate, 39 o-chlorophenyluorone and tetradecylpyridinium chloride, 40 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (cyclam), 41 but the number of such reagents is limited.…”