Trace and Major Elements Status in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid in Dogs with or without Bronchopneumonia

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between the bronchopneumonia and mean concentrations of those trace elements in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Twenty-nine dogs were included this study (17 healthy dogs and 12 dogs with respiratory disease). Each BALF sample had been obtained during bronchoscope examination by use of a standardized method. The concentrations of Al, Br, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Ni, P, Si, Sr and Zn in BALF were measured by the particle-induced X-ray emission method. We found no relationship between the bronchopneumonia and the levels of elements in the BALF, except Ca, P and Zn. The dogs with respiratory disease were found to have a large amount of Ca and Zn, and a high Ca/P and Zn/Cu ratios in BALF compared to those without respiratory disease.

Analysis of Trace and Major Elements in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of Mycoplasma Bronchopneumonia in Calves

“…Figure 3 shows a ROC curves for Zn/Cu ration in detecting Mycoplasma bronchopneumonia in calves. In the body, Ca and P, and Zn and Cu are regulated and restricted by each other, so variations in the Ca/P and the Zn/Cu ratios reflect the effects of these two microelements, respectively [13,16]. However, in the calves with Mycoplasma bronchopneumonia, no characteristic difference of the Ca/ P ratio was found in BALF.…”

“…With this technique, a sample of a few micrograms is sufficient to analyze concentrations in the parts-per-million range [22]. Because the method does not involve complicated sample preparation, the risk of contamination during the preparation of a sample for PIXE method is remarkably lower than that for other methods [13,16].…”

“…The BALF samples were obtained during bronchoscopic examination using a standard protocol described elsewhere [12][13][14]. Briefly, bronchoscopy was performed using a flexible video bronchoscope (Olympus VQ Type 6092A, Olympus Co., Tokyo, Japan) under sedation with 0.05 mg/ kg of 2% xylazine solution.…”

“…The mean concentrations of trace and major elements in BALF were detected by the particle-induced Xray emission (PIXE) method. A detailed description of the experimental arrangement is shown elsewhere [13,16]. Briefly, 100 μL BALF supernatants were placed on a subtlety Myler membrane and desiccated.…”

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Serum Canine Surfactant Protein A Concentrations in Dogs with Chronic Cough by Bronchial and Interstitial Lung Diseases

“…Two different capture and detection antibodies, mouse anti-canine SP-A monoclonal antibodies (MAB3272 and MAB3274, CHEMICON International, Inc., Temecula, CA, U.S.A.) and a Protein Detector ELISA Kit (Kirkegaard & Perry Laboratories, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, U.S.A.) for a two-site sandwich ELISA were used. A standard curve was prepared using purified cSP-A [8, 13] from stocked BALF samples of clinically healthy dogs, which were used in a previous study [22]. In preliminary examination, this assay showed the detection limited of 3.1 n g/m l and the coefficient of variation of 1.28–8.92%.…”