Trace and bulk organics removal during ozone–biofiltration treatment for potable reuse applications

Pagilla, Krishna

doi:10.1002/wer.1202

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…The removal of iohexol decreased from 100% to 60% in GAC15A after 21,000 BV ( Figure 6). Meprobamate is weakly reactive with ozone and has been shown to be removed by adsorption on GAC (Gerrity et al, 2012;Sundaram et al, 2019). Meprobamate was detected in the last two sampling events, showing that the removal decreases with increasing BV, again consistent with a low log K ow 0.7.…”

Section: Cec Removal In New Gac Mediamentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Desorption of a compound indicates that it was previously removed by adsorption and not biodegradation. Sundaram and Pagilla (2019) showed that more than 90% of sucralose was removed by adsorption onto GAC media, while Greenstein et al (2018) did not report removal of sucralose as the GAC media was already exhausted. Cotinine is poorly removed by ozone and biodegradation and has shown to breakthrough in an 18‐min EBCT GAC at 12,500 BV (Kennedy, Reinert, Knappe, Ferrer, & Summers, 2015).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have shown that ozone is a strong oxidant that can remove CECs based on their amenability to reaction with ozone (Gerrity et al, 2012;Sun et al, 2018;Sundaram et al, 2019). While the impact of increasing ozone dose on bulk organics removal in downstream BAC in a pilot-scale process treating tertiary-treated wastewater effluent has shown to be promising (Gifford, Selvy, & Gerrity, 2018), the impact of varying ozone doses on CEC removal in the downstream treatment processes, such as BAC and GAC, has not been widely studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implementing Ozone‐BAC‐GAC in potable reuse for removal of emerging contaminants

et al. 2020

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Removal of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) is an important consideration in potable reuse. The effectiveness of ozonation, biologically activated carbon (BAC) filtration, and granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption was assessed in the removal of 96 CECs. During phase 1, O3/total organice carbon (TOC) was varied between 0 and 1.5. Ozone was successful in removing CECs, achieving a total CEC concentration of 20.5 μg/L at an O3/TOC of 1.5 compared with 70 μg/L in absence of ozone. CECs such as iohexol, meprobamate, sucralose and flame retardants, tris(2‐carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP), tris(1‐chloro‐2‐propyl) phosphate (TCPP), and tris(1,3‐dichloro‐2‐propyl)phosphate (TDCPP) were detected in the ozone effluent even at the highest ozone dose. BAC filters did not contribute measurably to CEC removal, while the 20‐min empty bed contact time (EBCT) GAC removed 57.6% of the influent CEC concentration, even though the adsorption capacity had been exerted through previous operation. During phase 2, the average O3/TOC ratio was 0.64, and the impact of new GAC media on CEC removal was studied. EBCT was maintained at 15 min for both GAC contactors, while the used GAC (133,600 bed volume [BV]) was replaced with new media in one GAC contactor. The GAC with new media removed CECs below the limit of quantitation, up to 10,000 BV, while removal decreased to 70% after 20,000 BV, with seven CECs—sucralose, iohexol, acesulfame‐k, meprobamate, cotinine, primidone, and acetaminophen—being detected. Ozone doses for CEC removal and BV needed for adsorption of CECs on activated carbon can be determined from this study. Thus, the results from this study can help design and optimize ozone, BAC, and GAC systems used for potable reuse to target the removal of specific CECs.

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Section: Cec Removal In New Gac Mediamentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implementing Ozone‐BAC‐GAC in potable reuse for removal of emerging contaminants

et al. 2020

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“…Nutrient concentrations which have been both improved biofilter performance in some applications (Dhawan et al, 2017; Granger et al, 2014; Lauderdale et al, 2012) and resulted in negligible improvement in others (Azzeh et al, 2015; Fu et al, 2017; Nemani et al, 2018). Longer EBCTs which typically improve removals with diminishing returns (Arnold et al, 2018; Müller et al, 2017; Sundaram & Pagilla, 2020; Zearley & Summers, 2012). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradable dissolved organic carbon profiling reveals capacity of carbon‐based potable reuse treatment over a range of operating conditions

Blair,

Vaidya,

Salazar‐Benites

et al. 2023

AWWA Water Science

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Biological treatment is gaining ground as a means to enhance removal of total organic carbon (TOC) as part of a multi‐barrier treatment train for water reuse. Here we applied biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) analysis to evaluate the extent of removal of various TOC fractions through a pilot‐scale water reuse train employing flocculation/sedimentation, ozone, biologically active carbon (BAC), and granular activated carbon (GAC). BDOC analysis highlighted GAC and ozone treatments as critical to non‐biodegradable dissolved organic carbon removal and the need to optimize BAC performance to maximize GAC adsorption capacity. BDOC analysis was further applied to benchmark process performance to operational conditions, such as empty bed contact time (EBCT), occurrence of nitrification, and operational upsets. The lower EBCT proved to be less resilient to nonideal conditions. Overall, BDOC analysis proved an asset for understanding and improving operation of ozone/BAC/GAC treatments for water reuse.

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“…For removal of target trace chemical constituents, ozone system design is based on an ozone:total organic carbon (TOC) ratio. For disinfection of pathogens, system design is based on ozone residual concentrations and contact time (CT) (Sundaram & Pagilla, 2020). Ozone is extremely effective in Giardia inactivation and has been widely applied as a method for pathogen inactivation (Wickramanayake et al, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogen reduction by ozone–biological activated carbon‐based advanced water reclamation for reuse

Teel

Pagilla

Lin

et al. 2022

Water Environment Research

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Ozone-biological activated carbon (ozone-BAC)-based technologies are emerging as an appealing option for potable reuse systems; however, uncertainty remains regarding the reduction of waterborne pathogens. Common log reduction requirements have been modeled after California Department of Drinking Water's 12-10-10 log reduction value (LRV) for enteric virus, Cryptosporidium, and Giardia, respectively. The objective of this research was to investigate appropriate LRVs of pathogens that can be achieved in ozone-BAC-based treatment systems and to assess the applicability of employing drinking water pathogen guidelines for potable reuse applications. A pilot scale ozone-BAC-based treatment train was operated at two water reclamation facilities in Reno, Nevada, USA. Virus, Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and bacterial indicators were monitored across individual and combined treatment processes. Pathogen barriers investigated include conventional filtration, ozonation, and ultraviolet disinfection. Based on sampling and treatment validation strategies, the three pathogen barriers can provide minimum LRVs of 13-9-9.5 for virus, Giardia, and Cryptosporidium. Secondary biological treatment can provide additional pathogen LRVs with site-specific sampling. The present study addresses regulatory uncertainties associated with ozone-BAC pathogen reduction. Practitioner Points • Ozone-biological activated carbon-based advanced treatment can meet pathogen LRV requirements with a minimum of three pathogen barriers. • Successfully applied drinking water pathogen reduction guidelines for potable reuse applications verified by operational criteria. • Low presence of pathogens requires surrogates and indicator analyses and variety of monitoring techniques to verify pathogen log reduction. K E Y W O R D S log 10 reduction values, ozone-biological activated carbon, water reclamation, water reuse, waterborne pathogens Krishna Pagilla is a member of the Water Environment Federation (WEF).

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Trace and bulk organics removal during ozone–biofiltration treatment for potable reuse applications

Cited by 9 publications

References 22 publications

Implementing Ozone‐BAC‐GAC in potable reuse for removal of emerging contaminants

Implementing Ozone‐BAC‐GAC in potable reuse for removal of emerging contaminants

Biodegradable dissolved organic carbon profiling reveals capacity of carbon‐based potable reuse treatment over a range of operating conditions

Pathogen reduction by ozone–biological activated carbon‐based advanced water reclamation for reuse

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