Trace and Bulk Detection of Explosives by Ion Mobility Spectrometry and Neutron Analysis

Rondeshagen, D.; Arnold, G. W.; Bockisch, S.; Francke, K.-P.; Leonhardt, J. W.; Kuster, A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-8466-9_12

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Najarro et al reported with a commercially available explosive trace detector (ETD), a classical TD-IMS system using Teflon-coated fiberglass swabs, amounts of 0.1–100 ng for common explosives . Detection limits, based on a TD-IMS system, of 10 ng for TNT, 50 ng for RDX, or 50 ng for PETN were reported by Arnold et al , For a more general and valid comparison between direct APLD and swipe pad sampling TD, both methods need to start with the sampling on a standard surface with defined substance surface concentration. The APLD technique avoids an additional sample transfer from the surface to, for example, a swipe pad.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient Pressure Laser Desorption and Laser-Induced Acoustic Desorption Ion Mobility Spectrometry Detection of Explosives

2013

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The development of fast, mobile, and sensitive detection systems for security-relevant substances is of enormous importance. Because of the low vapor pressures of explosives and improvised explosive devices, adequate sampling procedures are crucial. Ion mobility spectrometers (IMSs) are fast and sensitive instruments that are used as detection systems for explosives. Ambient pressure laser desorption (APLD) and ambient pressure laser-induced acoustic desorption (AP-LIAD) are new tools suitable to evaporate explosives in order to detect them in the vapor phase. Indeed, the most important advantage of APLD or AP-LIAD is the capability to sample directly from the surface of interest without any transfer of the analyte to other surfaces such as wipe pads. A much more gentle desorption, compared to classical thermal-based desorption, is possible with laser-based desorption using very short laser pulses. With this approach the analyte molecules are evaporated in a very fast process, comparable to a shock wave. The thermal intake is reduced considerably. The functionality of APLD and AP-LIAD techniques combined with a hand-held IMS system is shown for a wide range of common explosives such as EGDN (ethylene glycol dinitrate), urea nitrate, PETN (pentaerythritol tetranitrate), HMTD (hexamethylene triperoxide diamine), RDX (hexogen), tetryl (2,4,6-trinitrophenylmethylnitramine), and TNT (trinitrotoluene). Detection limits down to the low nanogram range are obtained. The successful combination of IMS detection and APLD/AP-LIAD sampling is shown.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient Pressure Laser Desorption and Laser-Induced Acoustic Desorption Ion Mobility Spectrometry Detection of Explosives

2013

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“…chemiluminescence [28], ion mobility spectrometry [29], immunoassay [30], and bio-sensor technologies [31]. In general, these detect minute concentrations of an illicit substance (<1 mg) present on the exterior surface of luggage or vapours emitting from the substance.…”

Section: Aviation Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-Ray Diffraction Imaging

Greenberg¹,

Iniewski²

2018

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This chapter examines the background and practice of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and considers this phenomenon principally in the context of X-ray-based security screening. The focus will be upon the practical aspects of XRD as many texts already provide comprehensive descriptions of the relevant theoretical background and that of the closely associated area of crystallography. Xray diffraction and its development from simple materials identification to dynamic imaging will be considered, followed by a similar view of aviation screening. Subsequently, a new approach to the harvesting of diffraction signatures (Focal Construct Technology) will be introduced and consequent potential applications summarised.The text provides a starting point for those interested in developments that exploit X-ray diffraction, particularly in the security screening sector. X-Ray DiffractionFollowing the discovery of X-rays in 1895 by Roentgen [1], their exploitation produced two, almost irreconcilable, distinct disciplines: imaging (radiography) and X-ray diffraction. Von Laue, after demonstrating the wave nature of the rays, showed that the intriguing scatter patterns could be thought of as arising from a three-dimensional diffraction grating. When single crystals were illuminated by a pencil beam of X-rays, they produced discrete spots (intensity maxima) in regular patterns remote from the beam path on a photographic film. Von Laue [2] developed a series of relationships to interpret these patterns and they remain a cornerstone of crystallography

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“…The vapors from the residue are passed to the detection system where they are analyzed for contraband. [27][28][29][30] Each of the inspection technologies previously described has its advantages and drawbacks; no single inspection technology can properly inspect a container or detect all types of contraband. Instead a number of different sensors are needed to determine if a container holds contraband, with the results of one inspection influencing the course of subsequent inspections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of inspection for dual contraband using a genetic algorithm

Weele

Ramírez-Márquez

2012

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O:

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Explosives, weapons of mass destruction and other contraband smuggled via cargo containers present a significant threat to national security. To combat this threat cargo containers are inspected for various types of contraband upon entering the country. This article presents a genetic algorithm-based technique for developing an optimum inspection strategy capable of detecting two different types of contraband. Experimentation on the behavior of the optimization algorithm is presented, demonstrating how this technique can be used to optimize an inspection strategy for detecting chemical explosives and radiological material, the components of either a nuclear or ''dirty'' bomb.

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Trace and Bulk Detection of Explosives by Ion Mobility Spectrometry and Neutron Analysis

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Ambient Pressure Laser Desorption and Laser-Induced Acoustic Desorption Ion Mobility Spectrometry Detection of Explosives

Ambient Pressure Laser Desorption and Laser-Induced Acoustic Desorption Ion Mobility Spectrometry Detection of Explosives

X-Ray Diffraction Imaging

Optimization of inspection for dual contraband using a genetic algorithm

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