Trace Analysis of 3-Hydroxy Benzo[a]pyrene in Urine for the Biomonitoring of Human Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Abstract

Determination of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) metabolites in urine can provide direct insight into recent exposure to BaP integrated from all uptake routes. In order to detect 3-OH BaP in human urine after exposure to BaP at the workplace, extremely sensitive methods need to be developed. In this paper, a new extraction method is presented, and two laser-based fluorescence techniques are evaluated. Using HPLC with laser-induced fluorescence detection, a detection limit of 8 ng/L was obtained. With laser-excited Shpol'skii spectrometry after chemical derivatization, 3-OH BaP could be detected at even a 0.5-ng/L concentration. In a pilot study, urine samples from coke-oven workers and from occupationally nonexposed control persons were analyzed. In the control samples, the average 3-OH BaP concentration was 8.3 ng/L; the 3-OH BaP concentrations were found to be highly correlated (r2 = 0.89) with urinary 1-OH pyrene, a widely used biomarker for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure. Significantly elevated 1-OH pyrene concentrations were measured in urine samples from coke-oven workers, but in most samples a corresponding increase of 3-OH BaP was not observed. Possible explanations for this discrepancy are discussed.

Occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a fireproof stone producing plant: biological monitoring of 1-hydroxypyrene, 1-, 2-, 3- and 4-hydroxyphenanthrene, 3-hydroxybenz(a)anthracene and 3-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene

“…Unfortunately in this study only the maximum values were described. Ariese et al (1994) studied the urinary 3-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene excretion in coking plant workers. The reported mean value of 16.5 ng/l was only half as high as those determined in our study (mean 37 ng/g creat.).…”

“…The reported mean value of 16.5 ng/l was only half as high as those determined in our study (mean 37 ng/g creat.). The workers in the study of Ariese et al (1994) wore protective breathing hoods ventilated with air. Filters were integrated into this breathing hood, giving good protection against particle-bound PAH such as benzo(a)pyrene.…”

Laser-induced fluorescence detection at 266 nm in capillary electrophoresis

“…The hydroxy-PAHs used in this study are 1-hying of PAH exposure in various terrestrial and droxypyrene, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene, 1-hydroxyaqueous ecosystems [3][4][5][6][7], as well as for monitoring phenanthrene, 1-hydroxychrysene and 2-hydroxyhuman PAH exposure [8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

“…In order to prepare calibrant solutions, Phenolic and conjugated PAH metabolites are further dilutions were made by mixing with ethanolusually analyzed by liquid chromatography (LC) water (80:20, v / v) without ascorbic acid. combined with fluorescence detection [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Few Hepatopancreas samples from the isopods Porcelstudies report on the separation of hydroxy-PAHs by lio scaber and Oniscus asellus, which contained CE [14-16], but until now CE has not been applied conjugated pyrene metabolites, were obtained as to the detection of these compounds in real (biotic) described by Stroomberg et al [5].…”

Relationship Between Urinary Levels of 1-Hydroxypyrene and 3-Hydroxybenzo[ a ]pyrene for Workers Exposed to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

“…and 3-OHBaP being the most studied. Ariese et al (8) presented two techniques to evaluate urinary 3-OHBaP concentrations, the first based on HPLC with laser-induced fluorescence detection with a reported detection limit of 8 ng/l, and the second using laser-excited Shpol'skii spectrometry and chemical derivatization with a detection limit of 0.5 ng/l. However, his study seemed to present incompatible results, since for instance the urinary 3-OHBaP concentrations were lower for coke oven workers than for controls.…”