Trace analysis for organic nitro compounds by gas chromatography-electron-capture/photoionization detection methods

Krull, Ira S.; Swartz, Michael E.; Hilliard, R.; Xie, K.-H.; Driscoll, John S.

doi:10.1016/0021-9673(83)80042-9

Cited by 22 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Chromatograms for the waste stream produced from melt and pour operations (d) are shown in Figure 4. Three types of samples were collected: wastewater prior to carbon treatment and wastewater following treatment d, detection limits are estimated at about 26 Mg/L for HMX, 22 Mg/L for RDX, 14 Mg/L for TNT, and 10 Mg/L for DNT. two columns.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This work was undertaken to develop a suitable method for analysis of munitions wastewaters at U.S. Army facilities. The major requirements for the method were (a) it must have detection limits sufficiently low to satisfy monitoring requirements, (b) it must be rapid to enable quick action if levels are in excess of discharge limits, (c) it should be free of interferences from common impurities and decomposition products in munitions waste streams such as TNB (trinitro- Methods that have been used to determine these analytes in aqueous media include colorimetry (2)(3)(4)(5), thin-layer chromatography (6-8), gas-liquid chromatography (3,(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15), differential pulse polarography (16), conversion to nitrate (17), and high-performance liquid chromatography (1,(18)(19)(20)(21)(22).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of nitroorganics in munitions wastewater

Jenkins¹,

Leggett²,

Grant³

et al. 1986

Anal. Chem.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of nitroorganics in munitions wastewater

Jenkins¹,

Leggett²,

Grant³

et al. 1986

Anal. Chem.

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“…In general, the PID has a higher sensitivity for unsaturated hydrocarbons, especially aromatic compounds, than for saturated hydrocarbons (51). Unfortunately, it responds to all of these compounds, in varying degrees, making characterization of the analyte difficult, unless the PID is used in tandem with another detector, such as an FID (52) or BCD (53).…”

Section: Fixed Response Cc/gc Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A capillary column gas chromatography, resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization, time-of-flight mass spectrometry, laser-induced fluorescence, flame ionization detection system for the determination of polynuclear aromatic compounds in complex mixtures

Dobson

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Analysis of Nitroaromatics and Nitramines in Ammunition Waste Water and in Aqueous Samples from Former Ammunition Plants and Other Military Sites Analyse von Nitroaromaten und Nitraminen in Munitionsabwasser und wäßrigen Proben ehemaliger Munitionsfabriken und anderen Rüstungsaltlasten

Levsen

Mußmann

Berger‐Preiß

et al. 1993

Acta hydrochim. hydrobiol.

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Summary:Waste water from ammunition production sites and aqueous samples (ground and surface water) on or near former military sites on which explosives were produced or filled, e.g. into shells, may be contaminated by the original explosives-mainly nitrotoluenes (such as dinitrotoluenes, trinitrotoluene (TNT)) and nitramines (such as hexogen (RDX), octogen (HMX), and tetryl) or hexyl, but also by byproducts and compounds formed by biodegradation of the explosives such as aminonitrotoluenes, chlorinated nitrobenzenes and nitrophenols. These compounds can be extracted from aqueous samples by liquid/liquid extraction (using dichloromethane or toluene) or by solid phase extraction using C-18 adsorbents with high recoveries (usually 2 85%) provided they contain only one amino group. Nitrotoluenes, chlorinated nitrobenzenes and aminonitrotoluenes (nitrotoluidines) may be determined by gas chromatography (GC) using selctive detectors such as an electron capture detector (ECD), a nitrogen-phosphorus detector (NPD) or a chemiluminescence detector (thermal energy analyzer, TEA). The use of combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GUMS) under electron impact conditions is even more specific. Detection limits comparable to an ECD or NPD, however, are only achieved if the mass spectrometer is operated under selected ion monitoring (SIM). Nitrophenols are derivatized after extraction by heptafluorobutyric anhydride or by acetic anhydride where the latter method can be directly applied to the aqueous sample. The nitramine explosives, such as RDX, HMX, and tetryl, hexyl, the nitrate esters, such as nitropenta (PETN) and nitroguanidine as well as picric acid cannot, or only with difficulty, be analyzed by gas chromatography. They may be determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV-detection. The HPLC analysis can be extended to include also nitrotoluenes and nitroaminotoluenes.

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Trace analysis for organic nitro compounds by gas chromatography-electron-capture/photoionization detection methods

Cited by 22 publications

References 29 publications

Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of nitroorganics in munitions wastewater

Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of nitroorganics in munitions wastewater

A capillary column gas chromatography, resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization, time-of-flight mass spectrometry, laser-induced fluorescence, flame ionization detection system for the determination of polynuclear aromatic compounds in complex mixtures

Analysis of Nitroaromatics and Nitramines in Ammunition Waste Water and in Aqueous Samples from Former Ammunition Plants and Other Military Sites Analyse von Nitroaromaten und Nitraminen in Munitionsabwasser und wäßrigen Proben ehemaliger Munitionsfabriken und anderen Rüstungsaltlasten

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