Trabecular Eccentricity and Bone Adaptation

Fox, Julia C.; Keaveny, Tony M.

doi:10.1006/jtbi.2001.2371

Cited by 23 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…These experimental studies are further supported by computational analyses modelling trabecular bone response to variation in load (Huiskes et al. ; Jacobs, ; Fox & Keaveny, ). Thus, quantifying how trabecular structure varies (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…However, there is also a lower threshold of trabecular bone density, clearly demonstrated by increased risk of fracture when trabecular stiffness is reduced (Lotz et al. ; Fox & Keaveny, ). There are kinematic limitations on the cortical thickness and maximum neck diameter that ensure the necessary range of motion at the hip joint (Fox & Keaveny, ).…”

Section: Bone Functional Adaptation Is Not Sufficient (But Is All We mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of trabecular bone functional adaptation: what have we learned from trabecular analyses in extant hominoids and what can we apply to fossils?

2016

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Many of the unresolved debates in palaeoanthropology regarding evolution of particular locomotor or manipulative behaviours are founded in differing opinions about the functional significance of the preserved external fossil morphology. However, the plasticity of internal bone morphology, and particularly trabecular bone, allowing it to respond to mechanical loading during life means that it can reveal greater insight into how a bone or joint was used during an individual's lifetime. Analyses of trabecular bone have been commonplace for several decades in a human clinical context. In contrast, the study of trabecular bone as a method for reconstructing joint position, joint loading and ultimately behaviour in extant and fossil nonhuman primates is comparatively new. Since the initial 2D studies in the late 1970s and 3D analyses in the 1990s, the utility of trabecular bone to reconstruct behaviour in primates has grown to incorporate experimental studies, expanded taxonomic samples and skeletal elements, and improved methodologies. However, this work, in conjunction with research on humans and non-primate mammals, has also revealed the substantial complexity inherent in making functional inferences from variation in trabecular architecture. This review addresses the current understanding of trabecular bone functional adaptation, how it has been applied to hominoids, as well as other primates and, ultimately, how this can be used to better interpret fossil hominoid and hominin morphology. Because the fossil record constrains us to interpreting function largely from bony morphology alone, and typically from isolated bones, analyses of trabecular structure, ideally in conjunction with that of cortical structure and external morphology, can offer the best resource for reconstructing behaviour in the past.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Bone Functional Adaptation Is Not Sufficient (But Is All We mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of trabecular bone functional adaptation: what have we learned from trabecular analyses in extant hominoids and what can we apply to fossils?

2016

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“…This unique suite of traits sets them apart from almost all other taxa and, coupled with the low bone volume fraction [32], suggests relatively low tissue elasticity [1], [3], [4], [6]. The asymmetric placement of trabecular bone in the femoral neck of humans, a phenomenon termed trabecular eccentricity, has been identified as a stress-reducing mechanism that reflects bone adaptation to applied loads [69]. Trabecular eccentricity and the femoral head bone architecture identified in this study suggest unique solutions to mechanical demands in the human proximal femur.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique Suites of Trabecular Bone Features Characterize Locomotor Behavior in Human and Non-Human Anthropoid Primates

2012

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Understanding the mechanically-mediated response of trabecular bone to locomotion-specific loading patterns would be of great benefit to comparative mammalian evolutionary morphology. Unfortunately, assessments of the correspondence between individual trabecular bone features and inferred behavior patterns have failed to reveal a strong locomotion-specific signal. This study assesses the relationship between inferred locomotor activity and a suite of trabecular bone structural features that characterize bone architecture. High-resolution computed tomography images were collected from the humeral and femoral heads of 115 individuals from eight anthropoid primate genera (Alouatta, Homo, Macaca, Pan, Papio, Pongo, Trachypithecus, Symphalangus). Discriminant function analyses reveal that subarticular trabecular bone in the femoral and humeral heads is significantly different among most locomotor groups. The results indicate that when a suite of femoral head trabecular features is considered, trabecular number and connectivity density, together with fabric anisotropy and the relative proportion of rods and plates, differentiate locomotor groups reasonably well. A similar, yet weaker, relationship is also evident in the trabecular architecture of the humeral head. The application of this multivariate approach to analyses of trabecular bone morphology in recent and fossil primates may enhance our ability to reconstruct locomotor behavior in the fossil record.

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“…The eccentric distribution of the bone,

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where a cortical shell envelopes the softer trabecular bone, is of great importance to bone strength in resisting loads and preventing fractures.

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Mechanical properties of trabecular bone in relation to the cortex are therefore already limited by geometric factors. There are also differences between men and women.

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In this study, the contribution of trabecular bone to femoral neck strength was somewhat higher in men than in women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hip Fractures and the Contribution of Cortical Versus Trabecular Bone to Femoral Neck Strength

Holzer¹,

Skrbensky²,

Holzer³

et al. 2009

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

280

182

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Osteoporotic fractures are caused by both cortical thinning and trabecular bone loss. Both are seen to be important for bone fragility. The relative contributions of cortical versus trabecular bone have not been established. The aim of this study was to test the contribution of cortical versus trabecular bone to femoral neck stability in bone strength. In one femur from each pair of 18 human cadaver femurs (5 female; 4 male), trabecular bone was completely removed from the femoral neck, providing one bone with intact and the other without any trabecular structure in the femoral neck. Geometrical, X-ray, and DXA measurements were carried out before biomechanical testing (forces to fracture). Femoral necks were osteotomized, slices were analyzed for cross-sectional area (CSA) and cross-sectional moment of inertia (CSMI), and results were compared with biomechanical testing data. Differences between forces needed to fracture excavated and intact femurs (DF/F mean) was 7.0% on the average (range, 4.6-17.3%). CSA of removed spongiosa did not correlate with difference of fracture load (DF/F mean), nor did BMD. The relative contribution of trabecular versus cortical bone in respect to bone strength in the femoral neck seems to be marginal and seems to explain the subordinate role of trabecular bone and its changes in fracture risk and the effects of treatment options in preventing fractures.

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Trabecular Eccentricity and Bone Adaptation

Cited by 23 publications

References 37 publications

A review of trabecular bone functional adaptation: what have we learned from trabecular analyses in extant hominoids and what can we apply to fossils?

A review of trabecular bone functional adaptation: what have we learned from trabecular analyses in extant hominoids and what can we apply to fossils?

Unique Suites of Trabecular Bone Features Characterize Locomotor Behavior in Human and Non-Human Anthropoid Primates

Hip Fractures and the Contribution of Cortical Versus Trabecular Bone to Femoral Neck Strength

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