“…When examining the relationship between TQM implementation and organizational performance, several studies (Rahman & Siddiqui, 2006;Joiner, 2007;Das, Paul, & Swierczek, 2008;Sila, 2007;Chin & Pun, 2002) concluded that there is strong positive correlation between TQM practices implementation and organizational performance. Moreover, other studies confirmed that there is a positive relationship between the effective implementation of TQM practices and operational performance (Tan, 2013;Shafiq, Lasrado, & Hafeez, 2019;Al-Serhan, 2019). Other documented benefits from TQM implementations are improved financial performance (Moballeghi & Moghaddam, 2011;Kristian & Panjaitan, 2014;Gharakhani et al, 2013;Ngambi & Nkemkiafu, 2015), customer satisfaction (Yazdani et al, 2013;Besterfield et al, 2012), and employee satisfaction (Peris-Ortiz, Garcia, & Armengot, 2015;Ismail Salaheldin, 2009;Chapman & Al-Khawaldeh, 2002); improved communication (Bubshait, 2007), and reduced waste and defects (Kaynak & Rogers, 2013).…”