Toxoplasmosis of Animals

Galuzo, I. G.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4832-2913-3.50176-3

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Ever since the reported isolation of T. gondii from the milk of naturally infected cows (40), several authors have looked for T. gondii in the milk of experimentally inoculated cows with essentially negative results (8,25,34,41,43). The only positive isolation was made by Rommel and Breuning (38), who inoculated 2,058 mice with milk samples from three experimentally inoculated cows.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Survival of Toxoplasma gondii in Milk and Cheese from Experimentally Infected Goats

Dubey

Verma

Ferreira

et al. 2014

Journal of Food Protection

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The consumption of unpasteurized goat cheese and goat's milk has been suggested as a risk factor for toxoplasmosis in humans. In the present study, detection and survival of Toxoplasma gondii in milk and cheese was studied by bioassay in mice (milk) and in cats (cheese). Eight goats were inoculated orally with 300 to 10,000 oocysts of T. gondii strain TgGoatUS26. Milk samples were collected daily up to 30 days postinoculation and bioassayed in mice and cats. For mouse bioassay, 50 ml of milk samples were centrifuged, and the sediment was inoculated subcutaneously into mice. Mice were tested for T. gondii infection by seroconversion and by the demonstration of parasites. By mouse bioassay, T. gondii was detected in milk from all eight goats. The T. gondii excretion in milk was intermittent. For cat bioassay, 400 ml (100 ml or more from each goat) of milk from four goats from 6 to 27 days postinoculation were pooled daily, and cheese was made using rennin. Ten grams of cheese was fed daily to four cats, and cat feces were examined for oocyst shedding. One cat fed cheese shed oocysts 7 to 11 days after consuming cheese. Attempts were made to detect T. gondii DNA in milk of four goats; T. gondii was detected by PCR more consistently, but there was no correlation between detection of viable T. gondii by bioassay in mice and T. gondii DNA by PCR. Results indicate that T. gondii can be excreted in goat's milk and can survive in fresh cheese made by cold-enzyme treatment. To prevent transmission to humans or animals, milk should not be consumed raw. Raw fresh goat cheese made by cold-enzyme treatment of unpasteurized milk also should not be consumed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Survival of Toxoplasma gondii in Milk and Cheese from Experimentally Infected Goats

Dubey

Verma

Ferreira

et al. 2014

Journal of Food Protection

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“…Using serological techniques, Zetun et al, (2009) failed to detect T. gondii in vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus) in Brazil, while Smith and Frenkel (1995) did not detect T. gondii in the big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus) in Kansas, USA. Toxoplasma was, however, isolated from the tissues of two bat species from Kazakhstan, (Galuzo et al, 1965). In two separate surveys of zoo animals, a serologically positive Indian flying fox was reported in Seoul, Korea, (Choi et al, 1987) and two clinical cases of toxoplasmosis were reported in black flying foxes in Australia (Sangster et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxoplasma gondii: Prevalence in species and genotypes of British bats (Pipistrellus pipistrellus and P. pygmaeus)

Dodd

Lord

Jehle

et al. 2014

Experimental Parasitology

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Few studies have investigated Toxoplasma gondii infections in bat populations and none have reported its presence in protected British bat species. Using a collection of dead/euthanased bats collected from Lancashire, UK, two species of bats (Pipistrellus pipistrellus and Pipistrellus pygmaeus) were tested using a highly sensitive SAG1-PCR method specific for detection of T. gondii DNA (n=77; 71 P. pipistrellus and 6 P. pygmaeus). Whilst some potential bias may exist in the sampling strategy, an overall prevalence of 10.39% (±6.06%; 95%CI) was detected. All P. pipistrellus, were also genotyped using eleven polymorphic microsatellite loci to determine their local population structure. The programme STRUCTURE revealed that the majority of individuals (83%) were derived from one interbreeding population, and the remaining individuals (17%) had mixed genetic origins. There was no significant difference in the frequency of T. gondii infection or geographical distribution between subclusters. As all British bats are insectivorous, the routes of infection with T. gondii remain elusive. However, the locally large and panmictic gene pool suggests that intraspecies transmission could be applicable.

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“…Isolation of T. gondii was reported from pipistrelle bats Vespertilio pipistrellus and the red night bat Nyctalus noctula from Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, USSR (Galuzo et al, 1970). Inoculation of RH T. gondii did not induce clinical disease in red night bats in these studies (Galuzo et al, 1970). T. gondii is widely prevalent in bats, and the seropositivity in noncarnivorous bats is intriguing.…”

Section: Batsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Toxoplasmosis in wild and domestic animals

Lindsay

Dubey

2020

Toxoplasma Gondii

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Toxoplasma gondii is widely distributed in wild and domestic animals. The present chapter reviews toxoplasmosis in wild and domestic animals. Coverage in wild animal species is limited to confirmed cases of toxoplasmosis, cases with parasite isolation, cases with parasite detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and experimental infection studies (Figs. 6.1À6.3). Studies concerning serological prevalence have not been included for the majority of host species. This was done because many serological tests, e.g. latex agglutination (LAT), indirect fluorescent antibody (IFAT), and indirect hemagglutination), have been demonstrated to underestimate the prevalence of T. gondii. Toxoplasmosis in wildlife 6.2.1 FelidsCongenital toxoplasmosis has been reported in bobcats (Felis rufus) kits (Dubey et al., 1987). Toxoplasmic meningoencephalitis has been observed in a 6-month-old bobcat . T. gondii has been isolated from the tissues of adult bobcats (Lindsay et al., 1997b;Dubey et al., 2004b). Bobcats are important in maintaining T. gondii in wild herbivores in many areas of the United States (Fig. 6.1). Oocysts excreted by cougars (Felis concolor) were thought to be the source of a large water borne outbreak of human toxoplasmosis in Victoria,

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Toxoplasmosis of Animals

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Detection and Survival of Toxoplasma gondii in Milk and Cheese from Experimentally Infected Goats

Detection and Survival of Toxoplasma gondii in Milk and Cheese from Experimentally Infected Goats

Toxoplasma gondii: Prevalence in species and genotypes of British bats (Pipistrellus pipistrellus and P. pygmaeus)

Toxoplasmosis in wild and domestic animals

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