Toxoplasmosis due to Laboratory Infection in Two Adults

Ström, Justus

doi:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1951.tb17165.x

Cited by 52 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Although it is rare, laboratory-acquired Toxoplasma infection via accidental ingestion or cutaneous inoculation of laboratory specimens can occur. Case reports of such acute infections in apparently immunocompetent patients from the 1950s described severe systemic symptoms and even fatality (28)(29)(30)(31). Hence, individuals with such infections should always be offered treatment.…”

Section: Treatment Of Toxoplasmosis In Humans Nonpregnant Immunocompementioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Toxoplasmosis: Historical Perspective, Animal Models, and Current Clinical Practice

et al. 2018

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SUMMARYPrimary infection is usually subclinical, but cervical lymphadenopathy or ocular disease can be present in some patients. Active infection is characterized by tachyzoites, while tissue cysts characterize latent disease. Infection in the fetus and in immunocompromised patients can cause devastating disease. The combination of pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine (pyr-sulf), targeting the active stage of the infection, is the current gold standard for treating toxoplasmosis, but failure rates remain significant. Although other regimens are available, including pyrimethamine in combination with clindamycin, atovaquone, clarithromycin, or azithromycin or monotherapy with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) or atovaquone, none have been found to be superior to pyr-sulf, and no regimen is active against the latent stage of the infection. Furthermore, the efficacy of these regimens against ocular disease remains uncertain. In multiple studies, systematic screening for infection during gestation, followed by treatment with spiramycin for acute maternal infections and with pyr-sulf for those with established fetal infection, has been shown to be effective at preventing vertical transmission and minimizing the severity of congenital toxoplasmosis (CT). Despite significant progress in treating human disease, there is a strong impetus to develop novel therapeutics for both the acute and latent forms of the infection. Here we present an overview of toxoplasmosis treatment in humans and in animal models. Additional research is needed to identify novel drugs by use of innovative high-throughput screening technologies and to improve experimental models to reflect human disease. Such advances will pave the way for lead candidates to be tested in thoroughly designed clinical trials in defined patient populations.

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Section: Treatment Of Toxoplasmosis In Humans Nonpregnant Immunocompementioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Toxoplasmosis: Historical Perspective, Animal Models, and Current Clinical Practice

et al. 2018

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“…Among the cases was another laboratory worker who had become infected with T. gondii and then developed delusions and hallucinations. In more recent years, symptoms of psychosis have also frequently been seen in individuals with AIDS who develop a toxoplasmosis infection of the brain [41][42][43].…”

Section: T Gondii Can Cause Psychotic Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Case for Toxoplasma gondii in Psychosis and Other Human Diseases

Torrey

2021

Parasites, Pussycats and Psychosis

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“…Contamination of skin abrasions is possible, since recent conclusive reports of accidental laboratory infection by pin-prick have appeared (Beverley, Skipper, and Marshall, 1955;Strom, 1951), while Sabin, Eichenwald, Feldman, and Jacobs (1952) have reported human infection following a rabbit bite. Sanger, Chamberlain, Chamberlain, Cole, and Farrell (1953) have demonstrated the disease in cattle and the infection of their milk.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Alexander and Callister (1955) have described a patient with cervical adenitis due to infection at the sixth month of pregnancy, isolating the toxoplasma by gland biopsy. Strom (1951) reported laboratory infection, thought to be acquired by pipette, in which cervical adenitis occurred early in a generalized disease. Oropharyngeal infection is highly probable in such instances, the pattern of local lymphadenopathy followed by dissemination being similar to that which has followed accidental pinprick.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%