Toxoplasmosis awareness, seroprevalence and risk behavior among pregnant women in the Gampaha district, Sri Lanka

Chandrasena, T.G.A.N.; Herath, Rasika; Rupasinghe, Nawamalika; Samarasinghe, Buddhini; Samaranayake, Hasaranga; Kastuririratne, Anuradhani; Silva, Nilanthi Renuka de

doi:10.1080/20477724.2016.1173325

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Over the past five years there has been a significant decrease of toxoplasmosis among pregnant women. Similar results were described by Chandrasena et al (2016). In a study conducted in Saudi Arabia by Elsafi et al, (2015), the seroprevalence of toxoplasma among pregnant women were 28% and 3% for IgG and IgM respectively while more than 75% of the women were unaware of the disease toxoplasmosis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…This is to show that most of the patients, who had past infection, probably did not get it from the animals, but about 40% of these antibodies were found in patients who had dogs, which might serve as one of the potential risks for toxoplasmosis. Similarly, a study in Sri Lanka indicated that animal ownership did not have a significant impact on the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma (Chandrasena et al, 2016). In a study in Spain, Cano-Terriza et al (2016) found a high prevalence of Toxoplasma IgG in dogs and the prevalence was associated with the age of the dogs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Prevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii Igg and Igm and Associated Risk Factors Among Hiv Positive and Hiv Negative Patients in the Vhembe District, South Africa

Ngobeni

Samie

2017

AJID

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Background: Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite that has arisen as an important opportunistic infection that causes morbidity and mortality especially in HIV positive patients. This study was carried out to determine the sero-prevalence of T. gondii (IgG and IgM) and the associated risk factors among HIV positive and negative patients in Northern South Africa. Materials and Methods:The study was conducted in the Vhembe District in Limpopo province from April 2012 to January 2013. A well-structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic information and possible risk factor information on toxoplasmosis from participants. A total of 161 blood samples of both HIV positive and negative patients visiting the local clinics in the Vhembe district were collected. Serum samples were tested for IgG and IgM against T. gondii using commercially available ELISA protocol. Results: The prevalence of T. gondii IgG was 31.7% while that of T. gondii IgM was 4.9%. The prevalence of T. gondii IgG was higher in HIV positive patients (38%) compared to 16.7% among HIV negative patients (p=0.001). Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies were more common in patients who were not taking ARV's (46.2%) compared to those who were taking ARV's (35.2%) (P<0.001). Conclusions:The present study has shown a high prevalence of T. gondii (IgG) among patients attending different HIV clinics in the Vhembe district with no current infections among pregnant women. In addition to the sero-positive status of the patient to HIV, other significant risk factors for toxoplasmosis included high viral load, non-adherence to ARV therapy and age (>25 years).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Prevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii Igg and Igm and Associated Risk Factors Among Hiv Positive and Hiv Negative Patients in the Vhembe District, South Africa

Ngobeni

Samie

2017

AJID

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“…However, higher seroprevalence were reported in other countries such as Brazil (71%), Lebanon (82.6%), Ethiopia (85.3%), and Ghana (92.5%) [36–39]. In contrast, lower seroprevalence of T. gondii infection were reported in Zambia (5.9%), Mexico (8.2%), Sri Lanka (12.3%) and in many European countries [2, 40–42]. This variation in the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection is observed worldwide and it has been attributed to various determinants such as the use of diagnostic methods of different sensitivity, and the limitations of the surveys in controlling the differences between cohorts [43, 44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and predictors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women from Dhamar, Yemen

et al. 2019

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BackgroundToxoplasmosis is a common and serious parasitic infection caused by the ubiquitous obligatory intracellular protozoan organism, Toxoplasma gondii. Although infection with T. gondii is usually asymptomatic in healthy individuals, it can lead to severe pathological effects in congenital cases and immunocompromised patients. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii and its predictors among pregnant women seeking prenatal and medical care at the general maternal and child health facility in Dhamar district of Dhamar governorate, Yemen.MethodsA total of 420 pregnant women were randomly selected for this cross-sectional study. Participants were screened for anti-T. gondii antibodies (i.e. immunoglobulin M; IgM and immunoglobulin G; IgG) using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Demographic, socioeconomic, obstetric and behavioural data were collected using a pretested questionnaire via face-to-face interview. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the independent predictors of T. gondii seroprevalence.ResultsThe overall seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies (IgG and/or IgM) among the participants was 21.2% (89/420; 95% CI = 17.3–25.1). Anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies were detected in 20.0% (84/420) of the women of which 12.9% (54/420) were positive for only IgG and 7.1% (30/420) were positive for both IgG and IgM antibodies. Moreover, 5 women (1.2%) were reactive only for IgM antibodies. Significant associations between T. gondii seroprevalence and history of spontaneous abortion (P < 0.001), raw vegetables consumption (P = 0.036), and presence of cats in household (P = 0.049) were reported. Multivariate analysis confirmed that history of spontaneous abortion (AOR = 4.04; 95% CI = [2.46, 6.63]) and presence of cats in household (AOR = 1.77; 95% CI = [1.02, 3.07]) are significant predictors of T. gondii seroprevalence among the studied participants.ConclusionThe study found a high seroprevalence (21.2%) of T. gondii infection during pregnancy in Dhamar district, which is significantly associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The provision of adequate maternal healthcare and health education pertaining to the prevention of T. gondii infection is therefore imperative to curtail the prevalence of infection among the studied population.

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“…In Sri Lanka, T. gondii awareness among pregnant women equaled only 4.4%. Health personnel and media were the sources of information in 46.2% and 53.8%, respectively [ 15 ]. Likewise, it was reported that 3/4 of 400 pregnant Saudi women had never heard of toxoplasmosis, and those who lacked that knowledge were at 4.04 times higher risk of toxoplasmosis [ 16 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multicenter survey on toxoplasmosis knowledge among pregnant women in Poland (the TOWER study)

Smereka

Szarpak

Ruetzler

et al. 2018

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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BackgroundThe seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii ranges widely in different areas of the world and different populations. Although toxoplasmosis is typically benign and asymptomatic, it induces major complications in immunocompromised individuals and during pregnancy. Prevention of maternal primary infection constitutes the major tool for avoiding congenital T. gondii infections and toxoplasmosis complications. The preventive measures depend on the women’s knowledge about toxoplasmosis. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge on toxoplasmosis among pregnant women in Poland.MethodsThe study was conducted between October 2016 and January 2017 in 3 Polish cities. During a visit in a hospital outpatient clinic, pregnant women aged > 16 years fulfilled a previously validated questionnaire. The questions concerned personal data (age, parity, educational level, place of residence), toxoplasmosis knowledge (etiology, routes of transmission, symptoms, sequelae), and sources consulted to collect information.ResultsOverall, 465 pregnant women participated in the survey; 439 (94.4%) were aware of toxoplasmosis. Toxoplasmosis was perceived as a zoonotic disease by 77.4%, as a parasitic disease by 41.7%, as a disease transmitted through poor hand hygiene by 8.6%, as a childhood illness by 4%, and as a congenital disease by 0.4%. Regarding the transmission route, 84.5% of women pointed at a domestic cat, 46.7% at eating raw or undercooked meat. The total of 84.3% did not know toxoplasmosis symptoms, and 12.0% stated that they did not present the symptoms. In multivariate analysis, younger age (OR, 2.74; 95% CI, 1.67–4.49; p < 0.001), city residence (OR, 13.45; 95% CI, 3.12–57.89; p < 0.003), and higher education level (OR, 6.81; 95% CI, 3.69–12.59; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with better knowledge of toxoplasmosis, and the number of children (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.22–0.48; p < 0.001) – with higher knowledge of the symptoms.ConclusionsAmong pregnant women in Poland, the basic knowledge on toxoplasmosis is very high (94.4%). Younger age, city residence, higher education level, and the number of children turned out significantly associated with better knowledge of T. gondii and toxoplasmosis symptoms.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12884-018-2031-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Toxoplasmosis awareness, seroprevalence and risk behavior among pregnant women in the Gampaha district, Sri Lanka

Abstract: Health education programs to increase awareness of toxoplasmosis is recommended at antenatal clinics.

Cited by 19 publications

References 35 publications

Prevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii Igg and Igm and Associated Risk Factors Among Hiv Positive and Hiv Negative Patients in the Vhembe District, South Africa

Prevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii Igg and Igm and Associated Risk Factors Among Hiv Positive and Hiv Negative Patients in the Vhembe District, South Africa

Prevalence and predictors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women from Dhamar, Yemen

A multicenter survey on toxoplasmosis knowledge among pregnant women in Poland (the TOWER study)

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