Toxoplasmosis and abortion: pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines gene expression of the host immune cells

Abstract

Background: Toxoplasmosis during pregnancy is known for inducing variable serious outcomes. In many previous studies, pregnancy was evaluated as a single event while in reality; it has different distinct immunological stages depending on gestational time and possible external factors as infectious agents. A state of immunological balance as well as a state of maternal-fetal tolerance should be established; otherwise, atypical unwelcomed outcomes might occur as a result of such infection Aim: This work aimed to study the gene expression profile of some pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines in Toxoplasma seropositive cases Results: All studied cytokines were significantly upregulated in group I, with a remarkable bias towards IFN-γ, denoting a predominant inflammatory state in group I. In group II; tested cytokines were approximately in a balanced state with a little shift towards anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β). A significant positive correlation was detected between pro-inflammatory together (p = 0.002, r = 0.96) and between anti-inflammatory cytokines together (p = 0.0008, r = 0.99) in group II, indicating the harmonized and synchronized expression of both pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines. In group III, IL-10 was relatively higher with negative correlation with IFN-γ (p = 0.006, r = 0.93), indicating the possible role of IL10 in saving some of the pregnancies' outcomes in group III. Conclusion: The present study suggests a potential role of these cytokines in the upcoming prognostic or/and therapeutic concerns of toxoplasmosis among pregnant women.

The imbalance in the relationship between inflammatory and regulatory cytokines during gestational toxoplasmosis can be harmful to fetuses: A systematic review

“…Only one study was published in the predatory journal name ( 43 ). The eligible articles were conducted in China ( 39 ), Iran ( 38 ), Colombia, in collaboration with the United States ( 40 ), India ( 43 ), Egypt ( 41 ), Mexico ( 42 , 44 ) and Brazil ( 25 ).…”

Study Levels of PDL-1, IL-10 and TGF-β in Patients with Toxoplasmosis

“…A previous study reported that the level of placental TGF-β level was decreased in mice including adverse pregnancy outcomes after Toxoplasmosis infection [9]. Other study reported that TGF-β levels were raised in pregnant with acute T. gondii contagion in contrast to those of uninfected pregnant [21].…”

“…T. gondii Infection can result in adverse pregnancy consequences [9]. Some researchers showed that the immune system secreted cytokines and lymphocytes maintain maternal tolerance to the stability of paternal alloantigen's during normal pregnancy [10].…”

Immunohistochemical study of TGF-β, PDL-1, and IL-10 in patients with Toxoplasma gondii

“…Toxoplasmosis cause degrees in Tregs and lead to pregnancy miscarriage [4]. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is a specific parasitic cytokine that prevents replication and improves its conversion from tachyzoite to bradyzoite stage but its inhibit trophoblast growth result in fetal death and abortion [5].…”