Toxoplasmosis

Hill, Dolores E.; Dubey, J. P.; Abbott, Rachel C.; Riper, Charles van; Enright, Elizabeth A.

doi:10.3133/cir1389

Cited by 11 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…It is crucial that workers that are at continued risk of exposure re-enforce hygiene measures at work, such as not eating during labour time, and using protection equipment like gloves, masks and protective glasses [ 24 ]. Educating farmers about the existence of T. gondii and its importance, having a controlled and protected farm (strong biosecurity not allowing the presence of cats) and using clean water for crops are likely to have a positive influence in reducing the risk for T. gondii infection in animals and ultimately humans [ 1 , 4 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Toxoplasma gondii is a facultative heteroxenous protozoan with a complex life cycle and multiple transmission routes, capable of infecting, hypothetically, all warm-blooded animals, including humans [ 2 , 3 ]. Although infection by T. gondii is typically asymptomatic, it might cause life-threatening disease in the immunosuppressed, and abortion/congenital disease of the foetus in pregnant women infected by the parasite for the first time during pregnancy [ 4 ]. These facts justify the need to determine T. gondii occurrence not only in humans but also in animals that act as reservoirs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These facts justify the need to determine T. gondii occurrence not only in humans but also in animals that act as reservoirs. In domestic animals, congenital toxoplasmosis affects especially small ruminants (essentially sheep) and pigs, causing abortion and congenital malformation of foetuses [ 4 , 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Individuals Occupationally Exposed to Livestock in Portugal

et al. 2022

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Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease with different and complex routes for transmission. Workers occupationally exposed to animals or raw meat and viscera (WOE) may be at more risk than the general population, however conflicting data exist on the risk of developing toxoplasmosis due to this close contact. To add knowledge to this topic, the aim of the present study was to ascertain if WOE were more likely to be anti-T. gondii IgG seropositive than the general population as well as to study risk factors for T. gondii infection such as professional activity, gender, age, years of work and region. For this purpose, a case–control study using archived samples was setup. A total of 114 WOE (including pig slaughterhouse workers, butchers, veterinarians and farmers) and 228 anonymous volunteers (matched with cases by region, age and gender) were studied for anti-T. gondii IgG. A significantly higher anti-T. gondii IgG occurrence (p = 0.0282) was found in WOE when compared with the general population (72.8% [CI = 64.6–81.0%] versus 60.1% [CI = 54.6–65.6%]). Multivariate analysis showed that WOE of more than 50 years of age were more likely to be seropositive for anti-T. gondii IgG (aOR = 16.8; 95% CI 3.6–77.5; p < 0.001) than those aged less than 50 years. To our knowledge, this is the first case–control study on the prevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG in WOE in Portugal, also showing an added risk for T. gondii infection in those exposed to animals or their meat and viscera.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Individuals Occupationally Exposed to Livestock in Portugal

et al. 2022

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“…It has an indirect life cycle where wild and domestic felids are the definitive hosts, excreting oocyst in feces. Humans, as well as many mammal and bird species, serve as intermediate hosts of T. gondii and can become infected by vertical transmission, the fecal-oral route, through the ingestion of water or food contaminated with sporulated T. gondii oocysts, or through the consumption of tissues from animals infected with encysted bradyzoites [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Determinants of the Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in a Wild Ungulate Community

Barroso

García‐Bocanegra

Acevedo

et al. 2020

Animals

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Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan which infects warm-blooded vertebrates, including humans, worldwide. In the present study, the epidemiology of T. gondii was studied in the wild ungulate host community (wild boar, red deer, and fallow deer) of Doñana National Park (DNP, south-western Spain) for 13 years (2005–2018). We assessed several variables which potentially operate in the medium and long-term (environmental features, population, and stochastic factors). Overall, the wild ungulate host community of DNP had high seroprevalence values of T. gondii (STG; % ± confidence interval (CI) 95%; wild boar (Sus scrofa) 39 ± 3.3, n = 698; red deer (Cervus elaphus) 30.7 ± 4.4, n = 423; fallow deer (Dama dama) 29.7 ± 4.2, n = 452). The complex interplay of hosts and ecological/epidemiological niches, together with the optimal climatic conditions for the survival of oocysts that converge in this area may favor the spread of the parasite in its host community. The temporal evolution of STG oscillated considerably, mostly in deer species. The relationships shown by statistical models indicated that several factors determined species patterns. Concomitance of effects among species, indicated that relevant drivers of risk operated at the community level. Our focus, addressing factors operating at broad temporal scale, allows showing their impacts on the epidemiology of T. gondii and its trends. This approach is key to understanding the epidemiology and ecology to T. gondii infection in wild host communities in a context where the decline in seroprevalence leads to loss of immunity in humans.

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“…Its lifecycle involves species of the Felidae family as the definitive host, and virtually all warm-blooded species as intermediate hosts (Dubey, 2010). Toxoplasma gondii is the most widespread zoonotic parasite in human beings, who become infected by the ingestion of tissue cysts from undercooked or raw meat, consumption of food or water contaminated with T. gondii oocysts, or by congenital transmission (Dubey, 2010;Hill & Dubey, 2014). Most infections appear to be asymptomatic; however, it can lead to abortion in women and severe neuromuscular complications or even death in immunocompromised people and newborns (Robert-Gangneux & Dardé, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%