Toxoplasma Serotype Is Associated With Development of Ocular Toxoplasmosis

Shobab, Leila; Pleyer, Uwe; Johnsen, Joerdis; Metzner, Sylvia; James, E.; Torun, Necip; Fay, Michael P.; Liesenfeld, Oliver; Grigg, Michael E.

doi:10.1093/infdis/jit313

Cited by 57 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…18 In support of these findings, studies in the United States and Germany have shown that ocular toxoplasmosis in these areas, when they occur, are typically caused by nonarchetypal strains that represent only a small minority of the strains found infecting the general population. 19,20 Furthermore, the findings published herein from the Santa Isabel do Ivaí outbreak also support the concept that individuals infected by parasites bearing atypical genotypes are at increased risk of ophthalmic disease.…”

Section: Five Significant Lessons Learned From Brazilian Studiessupporting

confidence: 73%

Ocular Toxoplasmosis: Lessons From Brazil

Grigg¹,

Dubey²,

Nussenblatt³

2015

American Journal of Ophthalmology

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Section: Five Significant Lessons Learned From Brazilian Studiessupporting

confidence: 73%

Ocular Toxoplasmosis: Lessons From Brazil

Grigg¹,

Dubey²,

Nussenblatt³

2015

American Journal of Ophthalmology

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“…Interestingly, using this technique, an ‘atypical' nonreactive serotype was significantly more frequently detected in sera of patients with ocular toxoplasmosis than in seroconverted individuals without ocular involvement (p < 0.0001). Among ocular toxoplasmosis patients, those with this serotype experienced more frequent recurrences (p = 0.037) [36]. In line with these findings are results from a cohort of 193 patients with congenital toxoplasmosis in North America.…”

Section: Parasite-related Factors: Do T Gondii Strains Influence CLImentioning

confidence: 59%

Ocular Toxoplasmosis: Recent Aspects of Pathophysiology and Clinical Implications

Pleyer

Schlüter

Mänz³

2014

Ophthalmic Res

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Toxoplasma gondii is an extremely successful opportunistic parasite which infects approximately one third of the human population worldwide. The impact of this parasite on human health becomes particularly manifest in congenital damage with infection and subsequent inflammation of neuronal tissues including the retina. Although advances in our understanding could be achieved in ocular toxoplasmosis, large gaps still exist on factors influencing the epidemiology and pathophysiology of this potentially blinding disease. We are only at the beginning of understanding the complex biology of this parasite and its mechanisms of invasion, virulence and interaction with the host's immune response. Since it is a preventable cause of blindness, it is necessary to assess factors that have the potential to control this disease in the future. This mini review will focus on recent advances in postnatal acquired ocular infection and the factors that may influence its prevalence and functional outcome.

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“…However, more recently using sequence-based technology 15 haplogroups that define 6 major clades have been described,6 and the new paradigm is that many atypical genotypes differ in pathogenicity and transmissibility from typical genotypes 7. Research supports the concept that T. gondii genotype may be related to disease severity 8–10. However, there is relatively little information about T. gondii genotypes infecting asymptomatic persons, and in general, the clinical implications of T. gondii strains are incompletely understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neglected Parasitic Infections in the United States: Toxoplasmosis

Jones¹,

Parise²,

Fiore³

2014

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

180

113

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Toxoplasma gondii is a leading cause of severe foodborne illness in the United States. Population-based studies have found T. gondii infection to be more prevalent in racial/ethnic minority and socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. Soil contaminated with cat feces, undercooked meat, and congenital transmission are the principal sources of infection. Toxoplasmosis-associated illnesses include congenital neurologic and ocular disease; acquired illness in immunocompetent persons, most notably ocular disease; and encephalitis or disseminated disease in immunosuppressed persons. The association of T. gondii infection with risk for mental illness is intriguing and requires further research. Reduction of T. gondii in meat, improvements in hygiene and food preparation practices, and reduction of environmental contamination can prevent toxoplasmosis, but more research is needed on how to implement these measures. In addition, screening and treatment may help prevent toxoplasmosis or reduce the severity of disease in some settings.

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Toxoplasma Serotype Is Associated With Development of Ocular Toxoplasmosis

Abstract: Toxoplasma NR and Type II serotypes predominate in German OT patients. The NR serotype is associated with OT recurrences, underscoring the value of screening for management of disease.

Cited by 57 publications

References 40 publications

Ocular Toxoplasmosis: Lessons From Brazil

Ocular Toxoplasmosis: Lessons From Brazil

Ocular Toxoplasmosis: Recent Aspects of Pathophysiology and Clinical Implications

Neglected Parasitic Infections in the United States: Toxoplasmosis

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