Toxoplasma gondii vaccine candidates: a concise review

Mamaghani, Amirreza Javadi; Fathollahi, Anwar; Arab-Mazar, Zahra; Kohansal, Kobra; Fathollahi, Matin; Spotin, Adel; Bashiri, Homayoon; Bozorgomid, Arezoo

doi:10.1007/s11845-022-02998-9

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 94 publications

(75 reference statements)

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“…Many of these proteins are involved in relevant strain specific host immunomodulatory functions, such as in the NFκB-IFN-γ axis or in the antigen presentation by MHC-I for a balanced host immune response required to achieve infection and to reduce CD8 + T cell recognition. These data, in addition to the fact that ROP antigens have long antigenic fragments and regions, support their selection as one of the strongest candidates as vaccine antigens [109][110][111]. Several ROP proteins (ROP2, 5,9,16,17,18,22,35) have been employed in vaccine strategies, mainly in DNA or protein vaccines against toxoplasmosis [23,[112][113][114].…”

Section: Ropsmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Mining the Proteome of Toxoplasma Parasites Seeking Vaccine and Diagnostic Candidates

Rashidi

Sánchez-Montejo

Mansouri

et al. 2022

Animals

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Toxoplasma gondii is a pathogenic protozoan parasite that infects the nucleated cells of warm-blooded hosts leading to an infectious zoonotic disease known as toxoplasmosis. The infection outcomes might be severe and fatal in patients with immunodeficiency, diabetes, and pregnant women and infants. The One Health approach to toxoplasmosis highlights that the health of humans is closely related to the health of animals and our common environment. The presence of drug resistance and side effects, the further improvement of sensitivity and specificity of serodiagnostic tools and the potentiality of vaccine candidates to induce the host immune response are considered as justifiable reasons for the identification of novel targets for the better management of toxoplasmosis. Thus, the identification of new critical proteins in the proteome of Toxoplasma parasites can also be helpful in designing and test more effective drugs, vaccines, and diagnostic tools. Accordingly, in this study we present important proteins found in the proteome of the life cycle-specific stages of Toxoplasma parasites that are potential diagnostic or vaccine candidates. The current study might help to understand the complexity of these parasites and provide a possible source of strategies and biomolecules that can be further evaluated in the pathobiology of Toxoplasma parasites and for diagnostics and vaccine trials against this disease.

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Section: Ropsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…We need to keep in mind that it is not the topic of this review to discuss the vaccine technology employed on each of those candidates. On the other hand, there are authors that have recently addressed that issue, such as Mamaghani et al, 2022 [111].…”

Section: Immune Response-based Candidates For Disease Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mining the Proteome of Toxoplasma Parasites Seeking Vaccine and Diagnostic Candidates

Rashidi

Sánchez-Montejo

Mansouri

et al. 2022

Animals

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“…Toxoplasma gondii is thought to be one of the globally significant apicomplexan protozoa that are highly impacting people all over the world (Nazari et al 2018). Notably, the severity of toxoplasmosis is mainly affected by the host immune system integrity (Mamaghani et al 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The synergetic potential of Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Lactobacillus fermentum probiotics in alleviating the outcome of acute toxoplasmosis in mice

et al. 2023

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Toxoplasmosis is an immunologically complex disease, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Although there are several therapeutic regimens for such disease, the majority of them have many drawbacks. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to improve the current regimen in an effort to achieve a well-tolerated therapy while also enhancing the host immune response. Famous for their immunomodulatory effect, Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Lactobacillus fermentum probiotics were chosen to be evaluated in this study as an adjuvant therapy against the virulent RH Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) strain. Experimental mice were divided into control and treated groups. The control group was further subdivided into two groups: group I: 10 uninfected mice and group II: 20 infected untreated mice. The treated experimental group was subdivided into three groups (20 mice each); group III: sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMZ-TMP) treated, group IV: probiotics treated, and group V: SMZ-TMP combined with probiotics. The results obtained revealed that combined therapy increased survival rate and time up to 95% and 16 days, respectively, with an 82% reduction of tachyzoites and marked distortion, as detected by the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Additionally, combined therapy alleviated the severity and the extent of the inflammatory cells’ infiltration, thereby reducing hepatocyte degeneration. Intriguingly, serum IF-γ level showed a significant increase to 155.92 ± 10.12 ng/L with combined therapy, reflecting the immunological role of the combined therapy. The current results revealed that probiotics have a high adjuvant potential in alleviating the impact of toxoplasmosis. Using probiotics as a synergistic treatment to modulate conventional therapy in systemic toxoplasmosis may gain popularity due to their low cost and current availability.

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“…Various studies have shown that LNP technology can significantly boost the delivery of mRNA, thus providing intrinsic adjuvant activity and enhancing antigen expression. Many antigens have already been found to be potential vaccine candidates against T. gondii like TgSAGs, TgROPs, TgMICs, among others (Mamaghani et al, 2023). However, the efficacy of different vaccine candidates cannot be compared because they were administered via different routes, animal types, vaccination doses, and vaccine production processes, all of which affect immunization efficacy (Zhang et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel Toxoplasma gondii TGGT1_316290 mRNA-LNP vaccine elicits protective immune response against toxoplasmosis in mice

Zhang

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) can infect almost all warm-blooded animals and is a major threat to global public health. Currently, there is no effective drug or vaccine for T. gondii. In this study, bioinformatics analysis on B and T cell epitopes revealed that TGGT1_316290 (TG290) had superior effects compared with the surface antigen 1 (SAG1). TG290 mRNA-LNP was constructed through the Lipid Nanoparticle (LNP) technology and intramuscularly injected into the BALB/c mice, and its immunogenicity and efficacy were explored. Analysis of antibodies, cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-4, and IL-10), lymphocytes proliferation, cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity, dendritic cell (DC) maturation, as well as CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes revealed that TG290 mRNA-LNP induced humoral and cellular immune responses in vaccinated mice. Furthermore, T-Box 21 (T-bet), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) p65, and interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) subunit were over-expressed in the TG290 mRNA-LNP-immunized group. The survival time of mice injected with TG290 mRNA-LNP was significantly longer (18.7 ± 3 days) compared with the survival of mice of the control groups (p < 0.0001). In addition, adoptive immunization using 300 μl serum and lymphocytes (5*107) of mice immunized with TG290 mRNA-LNP significantly prolonged the survival time of these mice. This study demonstrates that TG290 mRNA-LNP induces specific immune response against T. gondii and may be a potential toxoplasmosis vaccine candidate for this infection.

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Toxoplasma gondii vaccine candidates: a concise review

Cited by 17 publications

References 94 publications

Mining the Proteome of Toxoplasma Parasites Seeking Vaccine and Diagnostic Candidates

Mining the Proteome of Toxoplasma Parasites Seeking Vaccine and Diagnostic Candidates

The synergetic potential of Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Lactobacillus fermentum probiotics in alleviating the outcome of acute toxoplasmosis in mice

A novel Toxoplasma gondii TGGT1_316290 mRNA-LNP vaccine elicits protective immune response against toxoplasmosis in mice

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