Toxoplasma Gondii , Rubella and Cytomegalovirus Co-Infections as Risk Factors for Abnormal Pregnancy Outcomes

Alsamarai, Abdulghani Mohamed; Hassan, Hala Mohamed Majeed; Al-Salihi, Ferah Ghali

doi:10.5742/mefm.2014.92456

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…We propose that when more than one member of the TORCH group act together, the overall pathogenicity increases, thereby resulting in a higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes [19]. This is consistent with a previous report which demonstrated that infection with a single virus can induce immunosuppression, which consequently enhances invasion by other pathogens [20]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

A Multifactorial Analysis of the Pregnancy Outcomes in Cytomegalovirus-Infected Women

Ding¹,

Xu²,

Chen³

et al. 2015

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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Aims: To investigate the impacts of cytomegalovirus (CMV) viral load, TORCH (toxoplasmosis, others, rubella, CMV and herpes) coinfections, CMV glycoprotein B (gB) genotypes and maternal genetic polymorphisms on pregnancy outcomes among CMV-infected women. Methods: A total of 731 CMV-infected pregnant women (634 and 97 with normal and adverse pregnancy outcomes, respectively) were recruited. CMV load quantification and screening of TORCH coinfections were performed by using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunodetection techniques, respectively. Genotyping of CMV gB and maternal NFKB1 -94 ins/del, NFKBIA -826C/T and -881A/G polymorphisms was performed by using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results: We found that the mean CMV viral load in women with adverse pregnancy outcomes was significantly higher than that in women with normal outcomes at all pregnancy stages (p < 0.01). We also found that TORCH coinfections resulted in a 1.65-fold (95% CI = 1.00-2.73) increase in the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes (p = 0.05). Additionally, we noticed no significant difference in the distribution of CMV gB genotypes between women with normal and adverse pregnancy outcomes (p = 0.42). We also observed that the ins/ins variant genotype of the NFKB1 polymorphism could reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes (OR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.15-0.98; p = 0.04). Conclusion: CMV viral load, TORCH coinfections and maternal NFKB1 polymorphism could influence pregnancy outcomes among CMV-infected women.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

A Multifactorial Analysis of the Pregnancy Outcomes in Cytomegalovirus-Infected Women

Ding¹,

Xu²,

Chen³

et al. 2015

Gynecol Obstet Invest

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Association of ToRCH seropositivity with a history of bad obstetric outcomes has been reported in several studies (Turbadkar et al 2003;Aljumaili et al 2013;Ramana et al 2013;Alsamarai et al 2014;Malik et al 2014;Ghasemi et al 2015b). However, there is little information describing the impact of ToRCH co-infections on the outcome of pregnancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…In this regard, Alsamarai et al. () reported the rates of ToRCH co‐infections in women with bad obstetric outcome and control group. They found a significant increased seroprevalence of T.gondii + CMV ( P = 0.038), T. gondii + rubella + CMV ( P = 0.001) and T. gondii + HSV‐2 + CMV ( P = 0.015) in women with bad obstetric outcome than the control group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The predominant co-infection was T. gondii IgG + CMV IgM with OR = 9.1, followed by T. gondii IgG + HSV IgG + CMV IgM seropositivities with OR = 7.7, HSV IgG + CMV IgM seropositivities with OR = 2.2, Rubella IgG + CMV IgM seropositivities with OR = 1.5 and HSV IgG + T. gondii IgG+ CMV IgM+ Rubella IgG seropositivities with OR = 1.2 (Table 4). In this regard, Alsamarai et al (2014) reported the rates of ToRCH co-infections in women with bad obstetric outcome and control group. They found a significant increased seroprevalence of T.gondii + CMV (P = 0.038), T. gondii + rubella + CMV (P = 0.001) and T. gondii + HSV-2 + CMV (P = 0.015) in women with bad obstetric outcome than the control group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, congenital infections predominantly occur in mothers that acquired these infections in the first time during pregnancy (Shet 2011;Vergnano and Heath 2013). However, several studies reported an association between ToRCH seropositivity with a history of bad obstetric outcomes (Turbadkar et al 2003;Aljumaili et al 2013;Ramana et al 2013;Alsamarai et al 2014;Malik et al 2014;Ghasemi et al 2015b). On the other hand, there is little information about the impact of ToRCH co-infections on the outcome of pregnancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ToRCH “co‐infections” are associated with increased risk of abortion in pregnant women

Rasti

Ghasemi

Abdoli

et al. 2016

Congenital Anomalies

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ToRCH infections (toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus and Herpes simplex virus) have long been known to be associated with bad obstetric outcomes. However, little information is available about the impact of ToRCH co-infections on the outcome of pregnancy. Hence, we tested the IgG and IgM antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus and Herpes Simplex Virus among 81 pregnant women with abortion (case group) and 98 pregnant women with normal delivery (control group). In the single-infection model, only CMV-IgM seropositivity was significantly increased in case than control group (25.9% in case and 12.2 % in control, OR = 2.5, P = 0.019). In the co-infection model, 14 patterns were recognized, but two patterns were significantly increased in the case than the control group. Co-infection of T. gondii IgG + CMV IgM was 9.1-fold increased in the case than the control group (8.6% in the case and 1% in control, OR = 9.1; P = 0.024). Also, co-infection of T. gondii IgG + HSV IgG + CMV IgM was 7.7-fold increased in case than the control group (7.4% in case and 1 % in control, OR = 7.7; P = 0.04). Although the OR of other co-infections was higher in the case than the control group, the difference was not statistically significant. These findings indicate that ToRCH co-infections are associated with increased risk of abortion than single infection. Hence, the rates of co-infections should be considered in prenatal screening of ToRCH infections.

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A predicting model of child‐bearing‐aged women’ spontaneous abortion by co‐infections of TORCH and reproductive tract

Zuo

Gao

et al. 2022

Congenital Anomalies

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To develop a predicting model of child‐bearing‐aged women’ spontaneous abortion (SA) by co‐infections of TORCH and reproductive tract, in order to provide a reference tool for accurately predicting the risk of SA and guide the early prevention, diagnosis and treatment of SA. A prospective cohort study was designed based on 218 958 child‐bearing‐aged women following up in Hebei province in China from 2010 to 2017. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to select candidate predictive variables. Fisher's discriminant analysis was performed to build a predictive model, and the validity of the model was evaluated. The incidence rate of SA was 2.4%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR = 3.507), adverse pregnancy history (OR = 1.509), co‐infections status of Candida and HBsAg (ORCandida positive×HBsAg negative = 4.091, ORCandida negative×HBsAg positive = 3.327, and ORCandida positive×HBsAg positive = 13.762), and co‐infections status of HBsAg, Rubella (IgG) and CMV (IgG) (ORHBs‐Ag negative×Rubella (IgG) negative×CMV (IgG) positive = 1.789, ORHBs‐Ag positive×Rubella (IgG) positive×CMV (IgG) negative = 3.809, and ORHBsAg positive×Rubella (IgG) positive×CMV (IgG) positive = 11.919) were the independent predictors of SA. The total discriminant rate reached 91%, with 82% of the sensitivity and 91% of the specificity. The predicting model of child‐bearing‐aged women’ SA by co‐infections status has a good performance. The co‐infection status of TORCH and reproductive tract are suggested to be considered in pre‐pregnancy physical examination.

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Toxoplasma Gondii , Rubella and Cytomegalovirus Co-Infections as Risk Factors for Abnormal Pregnancy Outcomes

Cited by 10 publications

References 35 publications

A Multifactorial Analysis of the Pregnancy Outcomes in Cytomegalovirus-Infected Women

A Multifactorial Analysis of the Pregnancy Outcomes in Cytomegalovirus-Infected Women

ToRCH “co‐infections” are associated with increased risk of abortion in pregnant women

A predicting model of child‐bearing‐aged women’ spontaneous abortion by co‐infections of TORCH and reproductive tract

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