Toxoplasma gondii Infection Promotes Neuroinflammation Through Cytokine Networks and Induced Hyperalgesia in BALB/c Mice

Mahmoudvand, Hossein; Ziaali, Naser; Ghazvini, Hamed; Shojaee, Saeideh; Keshavarz, Hossein; Esmaeilpour, Khadijeh; Sheibani, Vahid

doi:10.1007/s10753-015-0262-6

Cited by 38 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…T. gondii as a neurotropic protozoan parasite is considered as one of the most successful pathogens globally (21). Currently, there are several reports concerning the link of T. gondii infection with increased risk of some neurological disorders such as schizophrenia, personality disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and Parkinson’s disease (7–12, 22). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zataria Multiflora Boiss Improves Learning And Memory Impairment Induced By Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

Mahmoudvand¹,

Esmaeelpour²,

Ziaali³

et al. 2017

European Proceedings of Social and Behavioural Sciences

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Recent epidemiological and experimental studies also showed that latent toxoplasmosis can lead to a number of neurological and behavioral disorders such as learning and memory impairments. Recent studies showed that the essential oil and methanolic extract of the Zataria multiflora revealed a significant anticholinesterase activity on in vitro ().Here, we evaluated the effect of Z. multiflora essential oil to ameliorate learning and memory impairments induced by T. gondii infection in BALB/c mice. The animal model of Toxoplasma infection was established by the intraperitoneal inoculation of 20-25 tissue cysts from Tehran strain of T. gondii. Morris water maze (MWM) task was used to assay spatial learning and short term spatial memory in all groups. The findings revealed that in this study demonstrated that latent toxoplasmosis impaired spatial leaning and short term spatial memory of the infected BALB/c mice, while ZME, due having AChE inhibitor activity, improved impairments induced by Toxoplasma infection. The obtained findings demonstrated ZME as an AChE inhibitor to improves learning and memory disorders in mice with latent toxoplasmosis probably via restoring ACh levels in brain. However, additional studies are needed to clarify these mechanisms and also other possible ones.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zataria Multiflora Boiss Improves Learning And Memory Impairment Induced By Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

Mahmoudvand¹,

Esmaeelpour²,

Ziaali³

et al. 2017

European Proceedings of Social and Behavioural Sciences

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“…This provides limited shelter from the host immune response for a pathogen, yet responses to infection are still measurable and necessary to suppress reactivation of chronic stages [22,23]. Chronic T. gondii infection is characterized by increased levels of host immune activity and neuroinflammation [24]. Evidence suggests that in the mouse model, T cell recruitment peaks at approximately 30 days post-infection and subsequently decreases [25].…”

Section: Neuro-immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Neurophysiological Changes Induced by Chronic Toxoplasma gondii Infection

Tedford

McConkey

2017

Pathogens

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Although the parasite Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most pervasive neurotropic pathogens in the world, the host-parasite interactions during CNS infection and the consequences of neurological infection are just beginning to be unraveled. The chronic stages of infection have been considered dormant, although several studies have found correlations of infection with an array of host behavioral changes. These may facilitate parasite transmission and impact neurological diseases. During infection, in addition to the presence of the parasites within neurons, host-mediated neuroimmune and hormonal responses to infection are also present. T. gondii induces numerous changes to host neurons during infection and globally alters host neurological signaling pathways, as discussed in this review. Understanding the neurophysiological changes in the host brain is imperative to understanding the parasitic mechanisms and to delineate the effects of this single-celled parasite on health and its contribution to neurological disease.

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“…This provides limited shelter from the host immune response for a pathogen yet responses to infection are still measurable and necessary to suppress reactivation of chronic stages [22,23]. Chronic T. gondii infection is characterised by increased levels of host immune activity and neuroinflammation [24]. Evidence suggests that, in the mouse model T cell recruitment peaks at approximately 30 days post-infection and subsequently decreases [25].…”

Section: Neuro-immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Neurophysiological Changes Induced by Chronic <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> Infection

Tedford

McConkey

2017

Preprint

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Although the parasite Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most pervasive neurotropic pathogens in the world, the host-parasite interactions during CNS infection and consequences of neurological infection are just beginning to be unraveled. The chronic stages of infection have been considered dormant, although several studies have found correlations of infection with an array of host behavioral changes. These may facilitate parasite transmission and impact neurological diseases. During infection, in addition to the presence of the parasites within neurons, hostmediated neuroimmune and hormonal responses to infection are also present. T. gondii induces numerous changes to host neurons during infection and globally alters host neurological signaling pathways, as discussed in this review. Understanding the neurophysiological changes in the host brain is imperative to understanding the parasitic mechanisms and to delineate the effects of this single-celled parasite on health and its contribution to neurological disease.

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Toxoplasma gondii Infection Promotes Neuroinflammation Through Cytokine Networks and Induced Hyperalgesia in BALB/c Mice

Cited by 38 publications

References 40 publications

Zataria Multiflora Boiss Improves Learning And Memory Impairment Induced By Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

Zataria Multiflora Boiss Improves Learning And Memory Impairment Induced By Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

Neurophysiological Changes Induced by Chronic Toxoplasma gondii Infection

Neurophysiological Changes Induced by Chronic <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> Infection

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