Toxoplasma gondii Infection Is Associated with Low Birth Weight: Findings from an Observational Study among Rural Bangladeshi Women

Parvin, Irin; Das, Sumon Kumar; Ahmed, Shahnawaz; Rahman, Aminur; Shahid, Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayeem Bin; Shahrin, Lubaba; Afroze, Farzana; Ackhter, Mst. Mahmuda; Alam, Tahmina; Jahan, Yasmin; Palit, Parag; Sarker, Mohammad Habibur Rahman; Das, Jui; Hoque, Mohammad Enamul; Magalhães, Ricardo J. Soares; Mamun, Abdullah Al; Faruque, Abu Syed Golam; Ahmed, Tahmeed; Chisti, Mohammod Jobayer

doi:10.3390/pathogens11030336

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The maternal-fetal outcomes found to have been associated with T. gondii seropositivity in our study were stillbirth, abortion, miscarriages, premature delivery and low birth weight, which has been documented in the literature [29,[33][34][35][36]. Furthermore, a recent study by Parvin et al [29] reported that abortion was a possible maternal clinical outcome in Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnancy. Fochi et al [33] established a correlation between prematurity, low birth weight and maternal toxoplasmosis in pregnancy.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Seroprevalence, Risk Factors and Maternal–Fetal Outcomes of Toxoplasma gondii in Pregnant Women from WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Rabaan,

Uzairue,

Alfaraj

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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Background: The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii may cause serious illness in the immunocompromised. The Toxoplasma gondii seropositive prevalence in pregnant women in WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region countries is inconsistent in the literature and it is associated with outcomes that have not be fully elucidated, hence the need for a better understanding of the pooled seroprevalence and associated maternal and fetal outcomes. Objective: The objective was to conduct a systematic literature review and determine the pooled prevalence of WHO Eastern Mediterranean Regional countries’ pregnant women’s seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and the maternal–fetal outcomes. Methods: This quantitative study examined WHO Eastern Mediterranean countries’ maternal–fetal outcomes and Toxoplasma gondii prevalence in pregnant women. The targeted population was pregnant women, while the primary outcome was seropositivity of Toxoplasma gondii, while other outcomes such as maternal and fetal associations and risk factors were determined PubMed, SCOPUS, MEDLINE, and Index Medicus for the Eastern Mediterranean Region (IMEMR) databases were searched up until 30 January 2023. The search terms used were “Toxoplasma gondii” OR “Toxoplasma infection” AND “Pregnant woman” or pregnan* OR Antenatal OR Prenatal OR Gravidity OR Parturition OR Maternal AND WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region). OpenMeta-Analyst and Jamovi were used to analyze the generated data. Results: In total, 95 of 2947 articles meeting the inclusion criteria examined Toxoplasma gondii prevalence in pregnant women from WHO Eastern Mediterranean countries. The pooled prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women was 36.5% (95%CI: 32.6–40.4) with a median value of 35.64%, range values of 1.38–75.30%, with 99.61% heterogeneity. The pooled seroprevalence of IgG of Toxoplasma gondii was 33.5% (95%CI: 29.8–37.2) with a median value of 33.51%, and a range values of 1.38–69.92%; the pooled seroprevalence of IgM was 3.6% (95%CI: 3.1–4.1)) with a median value of 3.62 and range values of 0.20–17.47%, while cases of pooled seroprevalence of both IgG and IgM positivity was 3.0% (95%CI: 1.9–4.4) with a median value of 2.05 and a range values of 0.05–16.62%. Of the Toxoplasma gondii seropositive women, 1281/3389 (34.8%) 174/1765 (32.9%), 1311/3101 (43.7%), and 715/1683 (40.8%) of them had contact with cats, drank unprocessed milk, ate raw or undercooked meat and ate unwashed raw vegetables, respectively. The maternal–fetal outcomes associated with Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity were a history of abortions, miscarriage, stillbirth, intrauterine fetal death, and premature birth, which were found in 868/2990 (32.5%), 112/300 (36.1%), 111/375 (25.7%), 3/157 (1.9%) and 96/362 (20.1%) of women who tested positive for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies. Conclusion: The study found a high proportion of Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in pregnant women in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region, which may be linked to poor outcomes for mothers and their babies. Thus, pregnant women require monitoring and comprehensive prevention strategies for Toxoplasma gondii infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Seroprevalence, Risk Factors and Maternal–Fetal Outcomes of Toxoplasma gondii in Pregnant Women from WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Rabaan,

Uzairue,

Alfaraj

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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“…19.2% of participants had abortion history and 75% of them were seropositive, that is in contradiction with our results ( 33 ). Parvin et al showed a significant relation between low birth weight and serology results and all of LBW infants had negative IgG test ( 8 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of asymptomatic nature, lack of resources, and least priority in the health care policy, this infection is not considered in routine screening or surveillance programs ( 8 ). Determining the number of cases of congenital toxoplasmosis is more difficult than estimating seroprevalence of T. gondii .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among Pregnant Women in Ardabil, Iran (2021-2022)

Hariri¹,

Heidari²,

Habibzadeh³

et al. 2023

IJPA

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Background: Toxoplasmosis during pregnancy can causes adverse outcomes. Regarding its importance in prenatal care, seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women was studied in Ardabil City, during 2021-2022. Methods: In a cross–sectional study with a cluster sampling, 244 pregnant women that attended in health care centers of Ardabil City, Ardabil Province, Iran in 2021-2022 were selected. Serum samples were collected and Anti- Toxoplasma IgM (immunoglobulin M) and IgG (immunoglobulin G) was detected. Furthermore, a questionnaire filled for all participants during samples collection and risk factors assessed. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: Participant's age ranged from 16 to 43 years with average of 23± 5.24 years. IgG anti- T. gondii antibody was detected in 22.1% of pregnant women (54/244). In none of participants IgM anti- Toxoplasmosis antibody was detected. There was no significant relationship between demographic variables and risk factors of toxoplasmosis with serology test results. Conclusion: Approximately, 77.9% of pregnant women had no antibody against the T. gondii infection. Therefore, health education, counseling of pregnant women and screening in high-risk pregnant women is recommended to prevent from fetal complications.

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“…Due to its asymptomatic nature, limited resources and comparatively lower priority are directed to this infection in healthcare policies, as it is commonly excluded from regular screening or surveillance programs [ 8 ]. Therefore, quantifying the prevalence of congenital toxoplasmosis poses a greater challenge compared to assessing the seroprevalence of T. gondii .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies and Associated Risk Factors Among Women in Zakho City, Iraq

Mustafa,

Mohammed,

Mero

2024

Cureus

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Toxoplasmosis, an infectious disease caused by the obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, poses varying degrees of risk, ranging from asymptomatic cases in immunocompetent individuals to severe, life-threatening conditions in immunocompromised individuals and developing fetuses, especially when infection occurs during early pregnancy. While the disease is endemic in Iraq, there is a notable lack of precise information regarding its seroprevalence among females of childbearing age and pregnant women, along with associated risk factors in the Zakho district. This cross-sectional study aimed to address this gap by determining the prevalence of anti- Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM antibodies using the ELISA assay. The study involved 610 females aged 18-79 years from various residential areas within Zakho district, Iraq. The findings revealed a seroprevalence of 32.46% for anti- Toxoplasma IgG antibodies and 8.86% for IgM antibodies. Significant variations in IgG antibody seroprevalence were observed across different age groups (P=0.008), with the highest prevalence noted among those aged 46-55 years (47.73%). Conversely, IgM antibody seroprevalence, while non-significant (P>0.05), displayed the highest rate of 10.05% among ages 18-25 years. The study identified residence as a variable significantly associated with toxoplasmosis. Additionally, contact with cats, marital status, a history of abortion, and the consumption of homemade food showed significant associations with anti- Toxoplasma IgM antibodies only. These findings strongly suggest that Toxoplasma gondii is a prevalent causative agent of infection in Zakho city, Iraq. This study contributes valuable insights into the seroprevalence and associated risk factors, providing a foundation for targeted interventions and further research in this region.

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Toxoplasma gondii Infection Is Associated with Low Birth Weight: Findings from an Observational Study among Rural Bangladeshi Women

Cited by 5 publications

References 41 publications

Seroprevalence, Risk Factors and Maternal–Fetal Outcomes of Toxoplasma gondii in Pregnant Women from WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Seroprevalence, Risk Factors and Maternal–Fetal Outcomes of Toxoplasma gondii in Pregnant Women from WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among Pregnant Women in Ardabil, Iran (2021-2022)

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies and Associated Risk Factors Among Women in Zakho City, Iraq

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